Hannah J Harjen1, Tove V Nicolaysen2, Tale Negard3, Hege Lund2, Bente K Sævik3, Kristin P Anfinsen4, Elena R Moldal4, Karin E Zimmer2, Runa Rørtveit2. 1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway. Hannah.harjen@nmbu.no. 2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway. 3. Anicura Jeløy Dyresykehus, Moss, Norway. 4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in dogs, but diagnosis may be impaired due the insensitivity of routine renal function biomarkers to detect earlier or milder forms of injury. Snake envenomation is one of several causes of AKI in dogs and humans. Dogs are commonly envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus) between April and October each year, but few studies exist examining serial serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) measurements and AKI biomarkers in these dogs. Novel urinary biomarkers could improve clinical outcome by allowing earlier diagnosis of and intervention in AKI. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus at 12, 24 and 36 h after bite, as well as 14 days later, using sCr, SDMA and a panel of urinary AKI biomarkers normalised to urine creatinine (uCr), compared to a group of healthy control dogs. RESULTS: Thirty-five envenomated dogs and 35 control dogs were included. Serum creatinine did not exceed the upper reference limit at any time point in any dog after envenomation. Serum SDMA did not exceed 0.89 μmol/L in any dog. Compared to controls, urinary albumin/uCr, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/uCr and monocyte chemotactic protein-1/uCr were significantly elevated 12 h (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.01), 24 h (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002) and 36 h (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.0008) after bite. Osteopontin/uCr was higher 24 and 36 h after bite (P < 0.0001), kidney injury molecule-1/uCr, interleukin-8/uCr and γ- glutamyl transferase/uCr were significantly higher 36 h after bite (P = 0.003, P = 0.0005, P = 0.001). Urinary cystatin C/uCr was not significantly different to controls at any timepoint. Biomarker/uCr ratios were not significantly different 14 days after envenomation compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Urinary biomarker/Cr ratios are indicative of mild transient, non-azotaemic AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus.
BACKGROUND:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in dogs, but diagnosis may be impaired due the insensitivity of routine renal function biomarkers to detect earlier or milder forms of injury. Snake envenomation is one of several causes of AKI in dogs and humans. Dogs are commonly envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus) between April and October each year, but few studies exist examining serial serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) measurements and AKI biomarkers in these dogs. Novel urinary biomarkers could improve clinical outcome by allowing earlier diagnosis of and intervention in AKI. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus at 12, 24 and 36 h after bite, as well as 14 days later, using sCr, SDMA and a panel of urinary AKI biomarkers normalised to urine creatinine (uCr), compared to a group of healthy control dogs. RESULTS: Thirty-five envenomated dogs and 35 control dogs were included. Serum creatinine did not exceed the upper reference limit at any time point in any dog after envenomation. Serum SDMA did not exceed 0.89 μmol/L in any dog. Compared to controls, urinary albumin/uCr, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/uCr and monocyte chemotactic protein-1/uCr were significantly elevated 12 h (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.01), 24 h (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002) and 36 h (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.0008) after bite. Osteopontin/uCr was higher 24 and 36 h after bite (P < 0.0001), kidney injury molecule-1/uCr, interleukin-8/uCr and γ- glutamyl transferase/uCr were significantly higher 36 h after bite (P = 0.003, P = 0.0005, P = 0.001). Urinary cystatin C/uCr was not significantly different to controls at any timepoint. Biomarker/uCr ratios were not significantly different 14 days after envenomation compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Urinary biomarker/Cr ratios are indicative of mild transient, non-azotaemic AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus.
Authors: Michael Haase; Prasad Devarajan; Anja Haase-Fielitz; Rinaldo Bellomo; Dinna N Cruz; Gebhard Wagener; Catherine D Krawczeski; Jay L Koyner; Patrick Murray; Michael Zappitelli; Stuart L Goldstein; Konstantinos Makris; Claudio Ronco; Johan Martensson; Claes-Roland Martling; Per Venge; Edward Siew; Lorraine B Ware; T Alp Ikizler; Peter R Mertens Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2011-04-26 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: D P Dahlem; R Neiger; A Schweighauser; T Francey; M Yerramilli; E Obare; S M L Steinbach Journal: J Vet Intern Med Date: 2017-03-30 Impact factor: 3.333