Ren-Hua Chung1, Yen-Feng Chiu2, Wen-Chang Wang3, Chii-Min Hwu4,5, Yi-Jen Hung6,7, I-Te Lee5,8,9, Lee-Ming Chuang10,11, Thomas Quertermous12, Jerome I Rotter13,14, Yii-Der I Chen13,14, I-Shou Chang15, Chao A Hsiung16. 1. Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. rchung@nhri.org.tw. 2. Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. 3. The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. 8. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. 9. School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 10. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 11. Institutes of Molecular Medicine, Collage of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 12. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 13. Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, the Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. 14. Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. 15. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. 16. Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. hsiung@nhri.org.tw.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: An elevated fasting glucose level in non-diabetic individuals is a key predictor of type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of SNPs for fasting glucose but most of their functional roles in influencing the trait are unclear. This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of DNA methylation between SNPs identified as significant from GWAS and fasting glucose using Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. METHODS: We first performed GWAS analyses for three cohorts (Taiwan Biobank with 18,122 individuals, the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan with 1989 individuals and the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance with 416 individuals) with individuals of Han Chinese ancestry in Taiwan, followed by a meta-analysis for combining the three GWAS analysis results to identify significant and independent SNPs for fasting glucose. We determined whether these SNPs were methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) by testing their associations with DNA methylation levels at nearby CpG sites using a subsample of 1775 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank. The MR analysis was performed to identify DNA methylation with causal effects on fasting glucose using meQTLs as instrumental variables based on the 1775 individuals. We also used a two-sample MR strategy to perform replication analysis for CpG sites with significant MR effects based on literature data. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis identified 18 significant (p < 5 × 10-8) and independent SNPs for fasting glucose. Interestingly, all 18 SNPs were meQTLs. The MR analysis identified seven CpGs near the G6PC2 gene that mediated the effects of a significant SNP (rs2232326) in the gene on fasting glucose. The MR effects for two CpGs were replicated using summary data based on the European population, using an exonic SNP rs2232328 in G6PC2 as the instrument. CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Our analysis results suggest that rs2232326 and rs2232328 in G6PC2 may affect DNA methylation at CpGs near the gene and that the methylation may have downstream effects on fasting glucose. Therefore, SNPs in G6PC2 and CpGs near G6PC2 may reside along the pathway that influences fasting glucose levels. This is the first study to report CpGs near G6PC2, an important gene for regulating insulin secretion, mediating the effects of GWAS-significant SNPs on fasting glucose.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: An elevated fasting glucose level in non-diabetic individuals is a key predictor of type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of SNPs for fasting glucose but most of their functional roles in influencing the trait are unclear. This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of DNA methylation between SNPs identified as significant from GWAS and fasting glucose using Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. METHODS: We first performed GWAS analyses for three cohorts (Taiwan Biobank with 18,122 individuals, the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan with 1989 individuals and the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance with 416 individuals) with individuals of Han Chinese ancestry in Taiwan, followed by a meta-analysis for combining the three GWAS analysis results to identify significant and independent SNPs for fasting glucose. We determined whether these SNPs were methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) by testing their associations with DNA methylation levels at nearby CpG sites using a subsample of 1775 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank. The MR analysis was performed to identify DNA methylation with causal effects on fasting glucose using meQTLs as instrumental variables based on the 1775 individuals. We also used a two-sample MR strategy to perform replication analysis for CpG sites with significant MR effects based on literature data. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis identified 18 significant (p < 5 × 10-8) and independent SNPs for fasting glucose. Interestingly, all 18 SNPs were meQTLs. The MR analysis identified seven CpGs near the G6PC2 gene that mediated the effects of a significant SNP (rs2232326) in the gene on fasting glucose. The MR effects for two CpGs were replicated using summary data based on the European population, using an exonic SNP rs2232328 in G6PC2 as the instrument. CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Our analysis results suggest that rs2232326 and rs2232328 in G6PC2 may affect DNA methylation at CpGs near the gene and that the methylation may have downstream effects on fasting glucose. Therefore, SNPs in G6PC2 and CpGs near G6PC2 may reside along the pathway that influences fasting glucose levels. This is the first study to report CpGs near G6PC2, an important gene for regulating insulin secretion, mediating the effects of GWAS-significant SNPs on fasting glucose.
Entities:
Keywords:
DNA methylation; Fasting glucose; GWAS; Han Chinese; Mendelian randomisation; Multi-omics analysis
Authors: Erik Ingelsson; Claudia Langenberg; Marie-France Hivert; Inga Prokopenko; Valeriya Lyssenko; Josée Dupuis; Reedik Mägi; Stephen Sharp; Anne U Jackson; Themistocles L Assimes; Peter Shrader; Joshua W Knowles; Björn Zethelius; Fahim A Abbasi; Richard N Bergman; Antje Bergmann; Christian Berne; Michael Boehnke; Lori L Bonnycastle; Stefan R Bornstein; Thomas A Buchanan; Suzannah J Bumpstead; Yvonne Böttcher; Peter Chines; Francis S Collins; Cyrus C Cooper; Elaine M Dennison; Michael R Erdos; Ele Ferrannini; Caroline S Fox; Jürgen Graessler; Ke Hao; Bo Isomaa; Karen A Jameson; Peter Kovacs; Johanna Kuusisto; Markku Laakso; Claes Ladenvall; Karen L Mohlke; Mario A Morken; Narisu Narisu; David M Nathan; Laura Pascoe; Felicity Payne; John R Petrie; Avan A Sayer; Peter E H Schwarz; Laura J Scott; Heather M Stringham; Michael Stumvoll; Amy J Swift; Ann-Christine Syvänen; Tiinamaija Tuomi; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Anke Tönjes; Timo T Valle; Gordon H Williams; Lars Lind; Inês Barroso; Thomas Quertermous; Mark Walker; Nicholas J Wareham; James B Meigs; Mark I McCarthy; Leif Groop; Richard M Watanabe; Jose C Florez Journal: Diabetes Date: 2010-02-25 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Nabila Bouatia-Naji; Amélie Bonnefond; Christine Cavalcanti-Proença; Thomas Sparsø; Johan Holmkvist; Marion Marchand; Jérôme Delplanque; Stéphane Lobbens; Ghislain Rocheleau; Emmanuelle Durand; Franck De Graeve; Jean-Claude Chèvre; Knut Borch-Johnsen; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen; Aimo Ruokonen; Jean Tichet; Michel Marre; Jacques Weill; Barbara Heude; Maithé Tauber; Katleen Lemaire; Frans Schuit; Paul Elliott; Torben Jørgensen; Guillaume Charpentier; Samy Hadjadj; Stéphane Cauchi; Martine Vaxillaire; Robert Sladek; Sophie Visvikis-Siest; Beverley Balkau; Claire Lévy-Marchal; François Pattou; David Meyre; Alexandra I F Blakemore; Marjo-Riita Jarvelin; Andrew J Walley; Torben Hansen; Christian Dina; Oluf Pedersen; Philippe Froguel Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2008-12-07 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Paolo Brambilla; Elisa La Valle; Rosanna Falbo; Giuseppe Limonta; Stefano Signorini; Fabrizio Cappellini; Paolo Mocarelli Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2011-04-15 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Anders H Olsson; Petr Volkov; Karl Bacos; Tasnim Dayeh; Elin Hall; Emma A Nilsson; Claes Ladenvall; Tina Rönn; Charlotte Ling Journal: PLoS Genet Date: 2014-11-06 Impact factor: 5.917
Authors: Alisa K Manning; Marie-France Hivert; Robert A Scott; Jonna L Grimsby; Nabila Bouatia-Naji; Han Chen; Denis Rybin; Ching-Ti Liu; Lawrence F Bielak; Inga Prokopenko; Najaf Amin; Daniel Barnes; Gemma Cadby; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Erik Ingelsson; Anne U Jackson; Toby Johnson; Stavroula Kanoni; Claes Ladenvall; Vasiliki Lagou; Jari Lahti; Cecile Lecoeur; Yongmei Liu; Maria Teresa Martinez-Larrad; May E Montasser; Pau Navarro; John R B Perry; Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik; Perttu Salo; Naveed Sattar; Dmitry Shungin; Rona J Strawbridge; Toshiko Tanaka; Cornelia M van Duijn; Ping An; Mariza de Andrade; Jeanette S Andrews; Thor Aspelund; Mustafa Atalay; Yurii Aulchenko; Beverley Balkau; Stefania Bandinelli; Jacques S Beckmann; John P Beilby; Claire Bellis; Richard N Bergman; John Blangero; Mladen Boban; Michael Boehnke; Eric Boerwinkle; Lori L Bonnycastle; Dorret I Boomsma; Ingrid B Borecki; Yvonne Böttcher; Claude Bouchard; Eric Brunner; Danijela Budimir; Harry Campbell; Olga Carlson; Peter S Chines; Robert Clarke; Francis S Collins; Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo; David Couper; Ulf de Faire; George V Dedoussis; Panos Deloukas; Maria Dimitriou; Josephine M Egan; Gudny Eiriksdottir; Michael R Erdos; Johan G Eriksson; Elodie Eury; Luigi Ferrucci; Ian Ford; Nita G Forouhi; Caroline S Fox; Maria Grazia Franzosi; Paul W Franks; Timothy M Frayling; Philippe Froguel; Pilar Galan; Eco de Geus; Bruna Gigante; Nicole L Glazer; Anuj Goel; Leif Groop; Vilmundur Gudnason; Göran Hallmans; Anders Hamsten; Ola Hansson; Tamara B Harris; Caroline Hayward; Simon Heath; Serge Hercberg; Andrew A Hicks; Aroon Hingorani; Albert Hofman; Jennie Hui; Joseph Hung; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Min A Jhun; Paul C D Johnson; J Wouter Jukema; Antti Jula; W H Kao; Jaakko Kaprio; Sharon L R Kardia; Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi; Mika Kivimaki; Ivana Kolcic; Peter Kovacs; Meena Kumari; Johanna Kuusisto; Kirsten Ohm Kyvik; Markku Laakso; Timo Lakka; Lars Lannfelt; G Mark Lathrop; Lenore J Launer; Karin Leander; Guo Li; Lars Lind; Jaana Lindstrom; Stéphane Lobbens; Ruth J F Loos; Jian'an Luan; Valeriya Lyssenko; Reedik Mägi; Patrik K E Magnusson; Michael Marmot; Pierre Meneton; Karen L Mohlke; Vincent Mooser; Mario A Morken; Iva Miljkovic; Narisu Narisu; Jeff O'Connell; Ken K Ong; Ben A Oostra; Lyle J Palmer; Aarno Palotie; James S Pankow; John F Peden; Nancy L Pedersen; Marina Pehlic; Leena Peltonen; Brenda Penninx; Marijana Pericic; Markus Perola; Louis Perusse; Patricia A Peyser; Ozren Polasek; Peter P Pramstaller; Michael A Province; Katri Räikkönen; Rainer Rauramaa; Emil Rehnberg; Ken Rice; Jerome I Rotter; Igor Rudan; Aimo Ruokonen; Timo Saaristo; Maria Sabater-Lleal; Veikko Salomaa; David B Savage; Richa Saxena; Peter Schwarz; Udo Seedorf; Bengt Sennblad; Manuel Serrano-Rios; Alan R Shuldiner; Eric J G Sijbrands; David S Siscovick; Johannes H Smit; Kerrin S Small; Nicholas L Smith; Albert Vernon Smith; Alena Stančáková; Kathleen Stirrups; Michael Stumvoll; Yan V Sun; Amy J Swift; Anke Tönjes; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Stella Trompet; Andre G Uitterlinden; Matti Uusitupa; Max Vikström; Veronique Vitart; Marie-Claude Vohl; Benjamin F Voight; Peter Vollenweider; Gerard Waeber; Dawn M Waterworth; Hugh Watkins; Eleanor Wheeler; Elisabeth Widen; Sarah H Wild; Sara M Willems; Gonneke Willemsen; James F Wilson; Jacqueline C M Witteman; Alan F Wright; Hanieh Yaghootkar; Diana Zelenika; Tatijana Zemunik; Lina Zgaga; Nicholas J Wareham; Mark I McCarthy; Ines Barroso; Richard M Watanabe; Jose C Florez; Josée Dupuis; James B Meigs; Claudia Langenberg Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2012-05-13 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Augustine Kong; Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir; Gisli Masson; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Patrick Sulem; Soren Besenbacher; Aslaug Jonasdottir; Asgeir Sigurdsson; Kari Th Kristinsson; Adalbjorg Jonasdottir; Michael L Frigge; Arnaldur Gylfason; Pall I Olason; Sigurjon A Gudjonsson; Sverrir Sverrisson; Simon N Stacey; Bardur Sigurgeirsson; Kristrun R Benediktsdottir; Helgi Sigurdsson; Thorvaldur Jonsson; Rafn Benediktsson; Jon H Olafsson; Oskar Th Johannsson; Astradur B Hreidarsson; Gunnar Sigurdsson; Anne C Ferguson-Smith; Daniel F Gudbjartsson; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Kari Stefansson Journal: Nature Date: 2009-12-17 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Robert A Scott; Vasiliki Lagou; Ryan P Welch; Eleanor Wheeler; May E Montasser; Jian'an Luan; Reedik Mägi; Rona J Strawbridge; Emil Rehnberg; Stefan Gustafsson; Stavroula Kanoni; Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik; Loïc Yengo; Cecile Lecoeur; Dmitry Shungin; Serena Sanna; Carlo Sidore; Paul C D Johnson; J Wouter Jukema; Toby Johnson; Anubha Mahajan; Niek Verweij; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Sonia Shah; Albert V Smith; Bengt Sennblad; Christian Gieger; Perttu Salo; Markus Perola; Nicholas J Timpson; David M Evans; Beate St Pourcain; Ying Wu; Jeanette S Andrews; Jennie Hui; Lawrence F Bielak; Wei Zhao; Momoko Horikoshi; Pau Navarro; Aaron Isaacs; Jeffrey R O'Connell; Kathleen Stirrups; Veronique Vitart; Caroline Hayward; Tõnu Esko; Evelin Mihailov; Ross M Fraser; Tove Fall; Benjamin F Voight; Soumya Raychaudhuri; Han Chen; Cecilia M Lindgren; Andrew P Morris; Nigel W Rayner; Neil Robertson; Denis Rybin; Ching-Ti Liu; Jacques S Beckmann; Sara M Willems; Peter S Chines; Anne U Jackson; Hyun Min Kang; Heather M Stringham; Kijoung Song; Toshiko Tanaka; John F Peden; Anuj Goel; Andrew A Hicks; Ping An; Martina Müller-Nurasyid; Anders Franco-Cereceda; Lasse Folkersen; Letizia Marullo; Hanneke Jansen; Albertine J Oldehinkel; Marcel Bruinenberg; James S Pankow; Kari E North; Nita G Forouhi; Ruth J F Loos; Sarah Edkins; Tibor V Varga; Göran Hallmans; Heikki Oksa; Mulas Antonella; Ramaiah Nagaraja; Stella Trompet; Ian Ford; Stephan J L Bakker; Augustine Kong; Meena Kumari; Bruna Gigante; Christian Herder; Patricia B Munroe; Mark Caulfield; Jula Antti; Massimo Mangino; Kerrin Small; Iva Miljkovic; Yongmei Liu; Mustafa Atalay; Wieland Kiess; Alan L James; Fernando Rivadeneira; Andre G Uitterlinden; Colin N A Palmer; Alex S F Doney; Gonneke Willemsen; Johannes H Smit; Susan Campbell; Ozren Polasek; Lori L Bonnycastle; Serge Hercberg; Maria Dimitriou; Jennifer L Bolton; Gerard R Fowkes; Peter Kovacs; Jaana Lindström; Tatijana Zemunik; Stefania Bandinelli; Sarah H Wild; Hanneke V Basart; Wolfgang Rathmann; Harald Grallert; Winfried Maerz; Marcus E Kleber; Bernhard O Boehm; Annette Peters; Peter P Pramstaller; Michael A Province; Ingrid B Borecki; Nicholas D Hastie; Igor Rudan; Harry Campbell; Hugh Watkins; Martin Farrall; Michael Stumvoll; Luigi Ferrucci; Dawn M Waterworth; Richard N Bergman; Francis S Collins; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Richard M Watanabe; Eco J C de Geus; Brenda W Penninx; Albert Hofman; Ben A Oostra; Bruce M Psaty; Peter Vollenweider; James F Wilson; Alan F Wright; G Kees Hovingh; Andres Metspalu; Matti Uusitupa; Patrik K E Magnusson; Kirsten O Kyvik; Jaakko Kaprio; Jackie F Price; George V Dedoussis; Panos Deloukas; Pierre Meneton; Lars Lind; Michael Boehnke; Alan R Shuldiner; Cornelia M van Duijn; Andrew D Morris; Anke Toenjes; Patricia A Peyser; John P Beilby; Antje Körner; Johanna Kuusisto; Markku Laakso; Stefan R Bornstein; Peter E H Schwarz; Timo A Lakka; Rainer Rauramaa; Linda S Adair; George Davey Smith; Tim D Spector; Thomas Illig; Ulf de Faire; Anders Hamsten; Vilmundur Gudnason; Mika Kivimaki; Aroon Hingorani; Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi; Timo E Saaristo; Dorret I Boomsma; Kari Stefansson; Pim van der Harst; Josée Dupuis; Nancy L Pedersen; Naveed Sattar; Tamara B Harris; Francesco Cucca; Samuli Ripatti; Veikko Salomaa; Karen L Mohlke; Beverley Balkau; Philippe Froguel; Anneli Pouta; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Nicholas J Wareham; Nabila Bouatia-Naji; Mark I McCarthy; Paul W Franks; James B Meigs; Tanya M Teslovich; Jose C Florez; Claudia Langenberg; Erik Ingelsson; Inga Prokopenko; Inês Barroso Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2012-08-12 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Josée Dupuis; Claudia Langenberg; Inga Prokopenko; Richa Saxena; Nicole Soranzo; Anne U Jackson; Eleanor Wheeler; Nicole L Glazer; Nabila Bouatia-Naji; Anna L Gloyn; Cecilia M Lindgren; Reedik Mägi; Andrew P Morris; Joshua Randall; Toby Johnson; Paul Elliott; Denis Rybin; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir; Peter Henneman; Harald Grallert; Abbas Dehghan; Jouke Jan Hottenga; Christopher S Franklin; Pau Navarro; Kijoung Song; Anuj Goel; John R B Perry; Josephine M Egan; Taina Lajunen; Niels Grarup; Thomas Sparsø; Alex Doney; Benjamin F Voight; Heather M Stringham; Man Li; Stavroula Kanoni; Peter Shrader; Christine Cavalcanti-Proença; Meena Kumari; Lu Qi; Nicholas J Timpson; Christian Gieger; Carina Zabena; Ghislain Rocheleau; Erik Ingelsson; Ping An; Jeffrey O'Connell; Jian'an Luan; Amanda Elliott; Steven A McCarroll; Felicity Payne; Rosa Maria Roccasecca; François Pattou; Praveen Sethupathy; Kristin Ardlie; Yavuz Ariyurek; Beverley Balkau; Philip Barter; John P Beilby; Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Rafn Benediktsson; Amanda J Bennett; Sven Bergmann; Murielle Bochud; Eric Boerwinkle; Amélie Bonnefond; Lori L Bonnycastle; Knut Borch-Johnsen; Yvonne Böttcher; Eric Brunner; Suzannah J Bumpstead; Guillaume Charpentier; Yii-Der Ida Chen; Peter Chines; Robert Clarke; Lachlan J M Coin; Matthew N Cooper; Marilyn Cornelis; Gabe Crawford; Laura Crisponi; Ian N M Day; Eco J C de Geus; Jerome Delplanque; Christian Dina; Michael R Erdos; Annette C Fedson; Antje Fischer-Rosinsky; Nita G Forouhi; Caroline S Fox; Rune Frants; Maria Grazia Franzosi; Pilar Galan; Mark O Goodarzi; Jürgen Graessler; Christopher J Groves; Scott Grundy; Rhian Gwilliam; Ulf Gyllensten; Samy Hadjadj; Göran Hallmans; Naomi Hammond; Xijing Han; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen; Neelam Hassanali; Caroline Hayward; Simon C Heath; Serge Hercberg; Christian Herder; Andrew A Hicks; David R Hillman; Aroon D Hingorani; Albert Hofman; Jennie Hui; Joe Hung; Bo Isomaa; Paul R V Johnson; Torben Jørgensen; Antti Jula; Marika Kaakinen; Jaakko Kaprio; Y Antero Kesaniemi; Mika Kivimaki; Beatrice Knight; Seppo Koskinen; Peter Kovacs; Kirsten Ohm Kyvik; G Mark Lathrop; Debbie A Lawlor; Olivier Le Bacquer; Cécile Lecoeur; Yun Li; Valeriya Lyssenko; Robert Mahley; Massimo Mangino; Alisa K Manning; María Teresa Martínez-Larrad; Jarred B McAteer; Laura J McCulloch; Ruth McPherson; Christa Meisinger; David Melzer; David Meyre; Braxton D Mitchell; Mario A Morken; Sutapa Mukherjee; Silvia Naitza; Narisu Narisu; Matthew J Neville; Ben A Oostra; Marco Orrù; Ruth Pakyz; Colin N A Palmer; Giuseppe Paolisso; Cristian Pattaro; Daniel Pearson; John F Peden; Nancy L Pedersen; Markus Perola; Andreas F H Pfeiffer; Irene Pichler; Ozren Polasek; Danielle Posthuma; Simon C Potter; Anneli Pouta; Michael A Province; Bruce M Psaty; Wolfgang Rathmann; Nigel W Rayner; Kenneth Rice; Samuli Ripatti; Fernando Rivadeneira; Michael Roden; Olov Rolandsson; Annelli Sandbaek; Manjinder Sandhu; Serena Sanna; Avan Aihie Sayer; Paul Scheet; Laura J Scott; Udo Seedorf; Stephen J Sharp; Beverley Shields; Gunnar Sigurethsson; Eric J G Sijbrands; Angela Silveira; Laila Simpson; Andrew Singleton; Nicholas L Smith; Ulla Sovio; Amy Swift; Holly Syddall; Ann-Christine Syvänen; Toshiko Tanaka; Barbara Thorand; Jean Tichet; Anke Tönjes; Tiinamaija Tuomi; André G Uitterlinden; Ko Willems van Dijk; Mandy van Hoek; Dhiraj Varma; Sophie Visvikis-Siest; Veronique Vitart; Nicole Vogelzangs; Gérard Waeber; Peter J Wagner; Andrew Walley; G Bragi Walters; Kim L Ward; Hugh Watkins; Michael N Weedon; Sarah H Wild; Gonneke Willemsen; Jaqueline C M Witteman; John W G Yarnell; Eleftheria Zeggini; Diana Zelenika; Björn Zethelius; Guangju Zhai; Jing Hua Zhao; M Carola Zillikens; Ingrid B Borecki; Ruth J F Loos; Pierre Meneton; Patrik K E Magnusson; David M Nathan; Gordon H Williams; Andrew T Hattersley; Kaisa Silander; Veikko Salomaa; George Davey Smith; Stefan R Bornstein; Peter Schwarz; Joachim Spranger; Fredrik Karpe; Alan R Shuldiner; Cyrus Cooper; George V Dedoussis; Manuel Serrano-Ríos; Andrew D Morris; Lars Lind; Lyle J Palmer; Frank B Hu; Paul W Franks; Shah Ebrahim; Michael Marmot; W H Linda Kao; James S Pankow; Michael J Sampson; Johanna Kuusisto; Markku Laakso; Torben Hansen; Oluf Pedersen; Peter Paul Pramstaller; H Erich Wichmann; Thomas Illig; Igor Rudan; Alan F Wright; Michael Stumvoll; Harry Campbell; James F Wilson; Richard N Bergman; Thomas A Buchanan; Francis S Collins; Karen L Mohlke; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Timo T Valle; David Altshuler; Jerome I Rotter; David S Siscovick; Brenda W J H Penninx; Dorret I Boomsma; Panos Deloukas; Timothy D Spector; Timothy M Frayling; Luigi Ferrucci; Augustine Kong; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Kari Stefansson; Cornelia M van Duijn; Yurii S Aulchenko; Antonio Cao; Angelo Scuteri; David Schlessinger; Manuela Uda; Aimo Ruokonen; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Dawn M Waterworth; Peter Vollenweider; Leena Peltonen; Vincent Mooser; Goncalo R Abecasis; Nicholas J Wareham; Robert Sladek; Philippe Froguel; Richard M Watanabe; James B Meigs; Leif Groop; Michael Boehnke; Mark I McCarthy; Jose C Florez; Inês Barroso Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2010-01-17 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Wei-Min Chen; Michael R Erdos; Anne U Jackson; Richa Saxena; Serena Sanna; Kristi D Silver; Nicholas J Timpson; Torben Hansen; Marco Orrù; Maria Grazia Piras; Lori L Bonnycastle; Cristen J Willer; Valeriya Lyssenko; Haiqing Shen; Johanna Kuusisto; Shah Ebrahim; Natascia Sestu; William L Duren; Maria Cristina Spada; Heather M Stringham; Laura J Scott; Nazario Olla; Amy J Swift; Samer Najjar; Braxton D Mitchell; Debbie A Lawlor; George Davey Smith; Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Gitte Andersen; Knut Borch-Johnsen; Torben Jørgensen; Jouko Saramies; Timo T Valle; Thomas A Buchanan; Alan R Shuldiner; Edward Lakatta; Richard N Bergman; Manuela Uda; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Oluf Pedersen; Antonio Cao; Leif Groop; Karen L Mohlke; Markku Laakso; David Schlessinger; Francis S Collins; David Altshuler; Gonçalo R Abecasis; Michael Boehnke; Angelo Scuteri; Richard M Watanabe Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2008-07 Impact factor: 14.808