Shweta Jakhmola1, Budhadev Baral1, Hem Chandra Jha2. 1. Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India. 2. Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India. hemcjha@iiti.ac.in.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The study of epidemiological outcomes of COVID-19 in the affected countries needs to be conducted to implement an effective strategy. METHODOLOGY: Our study included age and sex-based analysis of epidemiological data of infected and deceased patients from various countries. The patient data was graphically depicted with the slope's calculation to describe a gradual or steep spread of the disease along with subsequent rise or fall in the death reports. RESULTS: Population groups of 20-49 years of age and 50 years-above were highly vulnerable to infection. Interestingly, 20-49 years of age group was most affected in India. However, higher population of the deceased were reported in the 50 years-above in all countries. India and South Korea demonstrated a gradual appearance of COVID-19 positive cases than other countries illustrated by reduced slope %. Further the highest percentage of infected people and deaths were reported from the densely populated states of India. We observed a sex independent prevalence of COVID-19. The BCG and JE vaccine are unique in the vaccination regime of India and South Korea. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced ACE-2 expression in the children's nasal epithelium may be responsible for reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Countries showed varying patterns in COVID-19 spread and associated mortality. It may be influenced by factors, such as screening strategy, countries demography, implementation of lockdown, etc. Due to limited evidence, it would be difficult to point to the influence of the virus on either sexes. Although vaccines may stimulate non-specific immunity, experimental proofs are needed to demonstrate the potential of any vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Copyright (c) 2021 Shweta Jakhmola, Budhadev Baral, Hem Chandra Jha.
INTRODUCTION: The study of epidemiological outcomes of COVID-19 in the affected countries needs to be conducted to implement an effective strategy. METHODOLOGY: Our study included age and sex-based analysis of epidemiological data of infected and deceased patients from various countries. The patient data was graphically depicted with the slope's calculation to describe a gradual or steep spread of the disease along with subsequent rise or fall in the death reports. RESULTS: Population groups of 20-49 years of age and 50 years-above were highly vulnerable to infection. Interestingly, 20-49 years of age group was most affected in India. However, higher population of the deceased were reported in the 50 years-above in all countries. India and South Korea demonstrated a gradual appearance of COVID-19 positive cases than other countries illustrated by reduced slope %. Further the highest percentage of infectedpeople and deaths were reported from the densely populated states of India. We observed a sex independent prevalence of COVID-19. The BCG and JE vaccine are unique in the vaccination regime of India and South Korea. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced ACE-2 expression in the children's nasal epithelium may be responsible for reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Countries showed varying patterns in COVID-19 spread and associated mortality. It may be influenced by factors, such as screening strategy, countries demography, implementation of lockdown, etc. Due to limited evidence, it would be difficult to point to the influence of the virus on either sexes. Although vaccines may stimulate non-specific immunity, experimental proofs are needed to demonstrate the potential of any vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Copyright (c) 2021 Shweta Jakhmola, Budhadev Baral, Hem Chandra Jha.
Entities:
Keywords:
COVID-19; India; SARS-CoV-2; age group; epidemiology; immunization
Authors: Irfan A Mir; Renu Soni; Shrey K Srivastav; Inimerla Bhavya; Waseem Q Dar; Malik D Farooq; Vrinda Chawla; Mir Nadeem Journal: Cureus Date: 2022-01-19