Huiping Li1, Xuena Wang1, Mingxu Ye1, Shunming Zhang1, Qing Zhang2, Ge Meng3, Li Liu2, Hongmei Wu1, Yeqing Gu4, Yawen Wang1, Tingjing Zhang1, Shaomei Sun2, Xing Wang2, Ming Zhou2, Qiyu Jia2, Kun Song2, Yaogang Wang5, Kaijun Niu6. 1. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. 2. Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. 3. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. 4. Institution of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. 5. School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: YaogangWang@tmu.edu.cn. 6. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: nkj0809@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that green leafy vegetables (GLV) could attenuate liver steatosis. However, little is known regarding the association between GLV intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in human. We examined the association of GLV intake with NAFLD in a large-scale adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study investigated 26,891 adults in China who participated in health examinations from 2013 to 2017. Newly diagnosed NAFLD was detected by liver ultrasonography. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated and standardized food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across categories of GLV intake. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the OR (95% CI) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories (≥7 times/week vs. almost never) was 0.72 (0.59, 0.90) (P < 0.0001). In addition, a linear inverse association was demonstrated between GLV intake and NAFLD in women (P for trend = 0.04), but ORs for any intake category did not reach significance. Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status; the ORs (95% CIs) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories was 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) in normal/overweight individuals and 1.04 (0.65, 1.65) in obese individuals (P-interaction < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This large population-based study shows that high GLV intake is inversely associated with NAFLD, particularly in women and non-obese participants.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that green leafy vegetables (GLV) could attenuate liver steatosis. However, little is known regarding the association between GLV intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in human. We examined the association of GLV intake with NAFLD in a large-scale adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study investigated 26,891 adults in China who participated in health examinations from 2013 to 2017. Newly diagnosed NAFLD was detected by liver ultrasonography. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated and standardized food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across categories of GLV intake. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the OR (95% CI) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories (≥7 times/week vs. almost never) was 0.72 (0.59, 0.90) (P < 0.0001). In addition, a linear inverse association was demonstrated between GLV intake and NAFLD in women (P for trend = 0.04), but ORs for any intake category did not reach significance. Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status; the ORs (95% CIs) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories was 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) in normal/overweight individuals and 1.04 (0.65, 1.65) in obese individuals (P-interaction < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This large population-based study shows that high GLV intake is inversely associated with NAFLD, particularly in women and non-obeseparticipants.
Authors: Amrita Vijay; Amina Al-Awadi; Jane Chalmers; Leena Balakumaran; Jane I Grove; Ana M Valdes; Moira A Taylor; Kotacherry T Shenoy; Guruprasad P Aithal Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-07-08 Impact factor: 6.706