Shinya Tanaka1, Masashi Yamashita2, Hiroshi Saito3,4, Kentaro Kamiya5, Daichi Maeda6, Masaaki Konishi7, Yuya Matsue8,9. 1. Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan. 2. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan. 3. Department of Rehabilitation, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan. 4. Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. 5. Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan. 6. Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan. 7. Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan. 8. Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. yuya8950@gmail.com. 9. Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. yuya8950@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With a worldwide aging population, frailty and heart failure (HF) have become issues that need to be addressed urgently in cardiovascular clinical practice. In this review, we outline the clinical implications of frailty in HF patients and the potential therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes of frail patients with HF. RECENT FINDINGS: Frailty has physical, psychological, and social domains, each of which is a prognostic determinant for patients with HF, and each domain overlaps with the other, although there are no standardized criteria for diagnosing frailty. Frailty can be targeted for treatment with various interventions, and recent studies have suggested that multidisciplinary intervention could be a promising option for frail patients with HF. However, currently, there is limited data, and further research is needed before its clinical implementation. Frailty and HF share a common background and are strongly associated with each other. More comprehensive assessment and therapeutic interventions for frailty need to be developed to further improve the prognosis and quality of life of frail patients with HF.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With a worldwide aging population, frailty and heart failure (HF) have become issues that need to be addressed urgently in cardiovascular clinical practice. In this review, we outline the clinical implications of frailty in HF patients and the potential therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes of frail patients with HF. RECENT FINDINGS: Frailty has physical, psychological, and social domains, each of which is a prognostic determinant for patients with HF, and each domain overlaps with the other, although there are no standardized criteria for diagnosing frailty. Frailty can be targeted for treatment with various interventions, and recent studies have suggested that multidisciplinary intervention could be a promising option for frail patients with HF. However, currently, there is limited data, and further research is needed before its clinical implementation. Frailty and HF share a common background and are strongly associated with each other. More comprehensive assessment and therapeutic interventions for frailty need to be developed to further improve the prognosis and quality of life of frail patients with HF.
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