Shiow-Ru Chang1,2, Wei-An Lin3, Ting-Chen Chang4, Ho-Hsiung Lin5, Chien-Nan Lee5, Ming-I Lin6. 1. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan. srchang@ntu.edu.tw. 2. Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. srchang@ntu.edu.tw. 3. Department of Occupational Medicine, Ten-Chan General Hospital, Taoyuang, Taiwan. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We examined obstetric and maternal-newborn factors and UI history for stress urinary incontinence (UI) and urge UI during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1447 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations and completed an Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form before pregnancy, during early, mid- and late pregnancy, and at five visits during the first year postpartum. Data were analyzed using univariate/multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of stress UI during late pregnancy (42.5%) and urge UI at 3-5 days postpartum (10.4%) were the highest throughout pregnancy and the first year postpartum. After adjusting for covariates, gestational age increased the risks of stress UI (p < 0.001) and urge UI (p = 0.003); stress UI during pre-pregnancy, number of previous vaginal deliveries and concurrent high body mass index (BMI) increased stress UI (all p < 0.05); urge UI during pre-pregnancy and full-time work increased urge UI (both p < 0.05) during pregnancy. During the postpartum period, vaginal delivery increased stress UI (p < 0.001) and urge UI (p = 0.041); stress UI during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, women aged ≥ 30 years and vacuum extraction/forceps delivery increased stress UI (all p < 0.05). Urge UI during early, mid- and late pregnancy increased stress UI (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age increased stress and urge UI, while previous vaginal deliveries and high BMI increased stress UI; full-time work increased urge UI during pregnancy. Vaginal delivery increased both UIs, and vacuum/forceps delivery and maternal age increased stress UI during postpartum.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We examined obstetric and maternal-newborn factors and UI history for stress urinary incontinence (UI) and urge UI during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1447 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations and completed an Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form before pregnancy, during early, mid- and late pregnancy, and at five visits during the first year postpartum. Data were analyzed using univariate/multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of stress UI during late pregnancy (42.5%) and urge UI at 3-5 days postpartum (10.4%) were the highest throughout pregnancy and the first year postpartum. After adjusting for covariates, gestational age increased the risks of stress UI (p < 0.001) and urge UI (p = 0.003); stress UI during pre-pregnancy, number of previous vaginal deliveries and concurrent high body mass index (BMI) increased stress UI (all p < 0.05); urge UI during pre-pregnancy and full-time work increased urge UI (both p < 0.05) during pregnancy. During the postpartum period, vaginal delivery increased stress UI (p < 0.001) and urge UI (p = 0.041); stress UI during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, women aged ≥ 30 years and vacuum extraction/forceps delivery increased stress UI (all p < 0.05). Urge UI during early, mid- and late pregnancy increased stress UI (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age increased stress and urge UI, while previous vaginal deliveries and high BMI increased stress UI; full-time work increased urge UI during pregnancy. Vaginal delivery increased both UIs, and vacuum/forceps delivery and maternal age increased stress UI during postpartum.