Dependence of the red blood cell calcium pump on the membrane potential.

(1) It is shown that the rate of calcium extrusion from intact human red cells is faster at a membrane potential of approximately +50 mV (inside) than at approximately -50 mV. (2) The positive potential applied was the chloride potential of KCl cells in a K-gluconate medium when the Ca2+ sensitive K+ channel was blocked by 0.3mM quinidine. The negative potential resulted from the high K+ permeability in Ca2+ loaded cells (the cells were loaded to a Ca2+ activity in the cell water of about 50 microM). (3) It is further demonstrated that the Ca2+ affinity of the pump ATPase is decreased both at the internal (high affinity) and external (low affinity) site by increasing the proton concentration. Acidification thus inhibits internally and stimulates externally. (4) An indirect effect of the membrane potential on the pump activity via the accompanying pH shifts on either side of the membrane could be ruled out by choosing Ca2+ concentrations which are fully activating at the internal Ca2+ binding site at pH 6.5 and not yet inhibitory at the external Ca2+ binding site at pH 8. (5) The result is compatible with the assumption that the human red cell Ca-pump is exchanging Ca2+ for protons, yet is electrogenic by virtue of a stoichiometry of 1H+:1Ca2+ for this exchange.