Magnetoinductive waves in attenuating media.

The capability of magnetic induction to transmit signals in attenuating environments has recently gained significant research interest. The wave aspect-magnetoinductive (MI) waves-has been proposed for numerous applications in RF-challenging environments, such as underground/underwater wireless networks, body area networks, and in-vivo medical diagnosis and treatment applications, to name but a few, where conventional electromagnetic waves have a number of limitations, most notably losses. To date, the effects of eddy currents inside the dissipative medium have not been characterised analytically. Here we propose a comprehensive circuit model of coupled resonators in a homogeneous dissipative medium, that takes into account all the electromagnetic effects of eddy currents, and, thereby, derive a general dispersion equation for the MI waves. We also report laboratory experiments to confirm our findings. Our work will serve as a fundamental model for design and analysis of every system employing MI waves or more generally, magnetically-coupled circuits in attenuating media.