A Versatile Competitive Coordination Strategy for Tailoring Bioactive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Composites.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) serving as platforms for bioactive guest encapsulation have attracted growing attention, yet the tailoring of its architectures and bioactivity remains a major challenge. Herein, a versatile competitive coordination strategy is proposed by using amorphous zinc nucleotide gel as template for step-by-step growth of ZIFs, which enables the tailoring of bioactive ZIF composites under facile conditions. Mechanism investigation reveals that introduced nucleotide determines the hierarchical pore structure and hydrophilicity, leading to customized activity retention and stability of the resultant bioactive ZIF composites. Furthermore, nucleoside monophosphate enhances the acidic tolerance of ZIFs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first example showing the dynamic evolution of amorphous gels to crystalline ZIFs for in situ encapsulation of enzymes with tailored catalytic performance. This study provides insights for rational design of ZIF-based biocomposites and broadens the application of bioactive metal-organic frameworks.