Yun Dai1,2, Xiao Sun1, Chenggang Wang2, Fei Li1, Shifan Zhang1, Hui Zhang1, Guoliang Li1, Lingyun Yuan2, Guohu Chen2, Rifei Sun1, Shujiang Zhang3. 1. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. 2. College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road, NO.130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China. 3. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. shujiang_zhang@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vernalization is a type of low temperature stress used to promote rapid bolting and flowering in plants. Although rapid bolting and flowering promote the reproduction of Chinese cabbages (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), this process causes their commercial value to decline. Clarifying the mechanisms of vernalization is essential for its further application. We performed RNA sequencing of gradient-vernalization in order to explore the reasons for the different bolting process of two Chinese cabbage accessions during vernalization. RESULTS: There was considerable variation in gene expression between different-bolting Chinese cabbage accessions during vernalization. Comparative transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed for different-bolting Chinese cabbage during different vernalization periods. The biological function analysis and hub gene annotation of highly relevant modules revealed that shoot system morphogenesis and polysaccharide and sugar metabolism caused early-bolting 'XBJ' to bolt and flower faster; chitin, ABA and ethylene-activated signaling pathways were enriched in late-bolting 'JWW'; and leaf senescence and carbohydrate metabolism enrichment were found in the two Chinese cabbage-related modules, indicating that these pathways may be related to bolting and flowering. The high connectivity of hub genes regulated vernalization, including MTHFR2, CPRD49, AAP8, endoglucanase 10, BXLs, GATLs, and WRKYs. Additionally, five genes related to flower development, BBX32 (binds to the FT promoter), SUS1 (increases FT expression), TSF (the closest homologue of FT), PAO and NAC029 (plays a role in leaf senescence), were expressed in the two Chinese cabbage accessions. CONCLUSION: The present work provides a comprehensive overview of vernalization-related gene networks in two different-bolting Chinese cabbages during vernalization. In addition, the candidate pathways and hub genes related to vernalization identified here will serve as a reference for breeders in the regulation of Chinese cabbage production.
BACKGROUND: Vernalization is a type of low temperature stress used to promote rapid bolting and flowering in plants. Although rapid bolting and flowering promote the reproduction of Chinese cabbages (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), this process causes their commercial value to decline. Clarifying the mechanisms of vernalization is essential for its further application. We performed RNA sequencing of gradient-vernalization in order to explore the reasons for the different bolting process of two Chinese cabbage accessions during vernalization. RESULTS: There was considerable variation in gene expression between different-bolting Chinese cabbage accessions during vernalization. Comparative transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed for different-bolting Chinese cabbage during different vernalization periods. The biological function analysis and hub gene annotation of highly relevant modules revealed that shoot system morphogenesis and polysaccharide and sugar metabolism caused early-bolting 'XBJ' to bolt and flower faster; chitin, ABA and ethylene-activated signaling pathways were enriched in late-bolting 'JWW'; and leaf senescence and carbohydrate metabolism enrichment were found in the two Chinese cabbage-related modules, indicating that these pathways may be related to bolting and flowering. The high connectivity of hub genes regulated vernalization, including MTHFR2, CPRD49, AAP8, endoglucanase 10, BXLs, GATLs, and WRKYs. Additionally, five genes related to flower development, BBX32 (binds to the FT promoter), SUS1 (increases FT expression), TSF (the closest homologue of FT), PAO and NAC029 (plays a role in leaf senescence), were expressed in the two Chinese cabbage accessions. CONCLUSION: The present work provides a comprehensive overview of vernalization-related gene networks in two different-bolting Chinese cabbages during vernalization. In addition, the candidate pathways and hub genes related to vernalization identified here will serve as a reference for breeders in the regulation of Chinese cabbage production.
Authors: M Eric Schranz; Pablo Quijada; Si-Bum Sung; Lewis Lukens; Richard Amasino; Thomas C Osborn Journal: Genetics Date: 2002-11 Impact factor: 4.562
Authors: Apurva Bhargava; Ivory Clabaugh; Jenn P To; Bridey B Maxwell; Yi-Hsuan Chiang; G Eric Schaller; Ann Loraine; Joseph J Kieber Journal: Plant Physiol Date: 2013-03-22 Impact factor: 8.340
Authors: Dong Xiao; Jian J Zhao; Xi L Hou; Ram K Basnet; Dunia P D Carpio; Ning W Zhang; Johan Bucher; Ke Lin; Feng Cheng; Xiao W Wang; Guusje Bonnema Journal: J Exp Bot Date: 2013-09-27 Impact factor: 6.992