Pseudotumors in Total Joint Arthroplasty.

»: The true incidence of pseudotumors in association with total joint arthroplasty is underestimated. »: Pseudotumors occur with metal-on-metal, metal-on-polyethylene, and metal-on-ceramic articulations. »: Metal ion levels should not be the only factor in decision-making regarding revision surgery. »: Revision surgery is only indicated in symptomatic patients with clinical and radiographic findings and elevated metal ion levels. »: Revision to a non-metal articulation is strongly suggested.