Yupeng Wang1,2,3, Haiyan Lin4, Qihang Li1,2,3, Liying Guan4, Meng Zhao2,3,5, Fang Zhong1,2,3, Jing Liu2,3,5, Zhongshang Yuan6, Honglin Guo2,3,5, Yongfeng Song2,3,5, Ling Gao2,3,7, Jiajun Zhao8,9,10,11. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China. 3. Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China. 4. Health Management Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 5. Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 6. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 7. Department of Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 8. Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. jjzhao@sdu.edu.cn. 9. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China. jjzhao@sdu.edu.cn. 10. Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China. jjzhao@sdu.edu.cn. 11. Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. jjzhao@sdu.edu.cn.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Obese individuals have an increased risk of hypothyroidism. This study investigated the sex-specific association between obesity phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism. METHODS: The study population was derived from a health management cohort in Shandong Provincial Hospital from 2012 to 2016. In total, 9011 baseline euthyroid adults were included and classified into four groups according to obesity phenotype: metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The median follow-up time was 1.92 (1.00-2.17) years. Incidence density was evaluated and a generalized estimation equation method was used to investigate the associations between obesity phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism. RESULTS: The incidence densities of hypothyroidism in males with a consistent obesity phenotype were 12.19 (8.62-16.76), 15.87 (11.39-21.56), 14.52 (6.74-27.57), and 19.88 (14.06-27.34) per 1000 person-years in the MHNO, MHO, MUNO, and MUO groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the MHNO phenotype, the MHO, MUNO, and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors for developing hypothyroidism in males. In the subgroup analysis, the MHO and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors for developing hypothyroidism in males under 55 years, while the MUNO phenotype was an independent risk factor in males over 55 years. The MHO, MUNO, and MUO phenotypes were not independent risk factors for hypothyroidism in females. CONCLUSION: Both obesity and metabolic abnormities are associated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism in males. The underlying mechanism of the sex and age differences in this association needs further investigation.
PURPOSE:Obese individuals have an increased risk of hypothyroidism. This study investigated the sex-specific association between obesity phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism. METHODS: The study population was derived from a health management cohort in Shandong Provincial Hospital from 2012 to 2016. In total, 9011 baseline euthyroid adults were included and classified into four groups according to obesity phenotype: metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The median follow-up time was 1.92 (1.00-2.17) years. Incidence density was evaluated and a generalized estimation equation method was used to investigate the associations between obesity phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism. RESULTS: The incidence densities of hypothyroidism in males with a consistent obesity phenotype were 12.19 (8.62-16.76), 15.87 (11.39-21.56), 14.52 (6.74-27.57), and 19.88 (14.06-27.34) per 1000 person-years in the MHNO, MHO, MUNO, and MUO groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the MHNO phenotype, the MHO, MUNO, and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors for developing hypothyroidism in males. In the subgroup analysis, the MHO and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors for developing hypothyroidism in males under 55 years, while the MUNO phenotype was an independent risk factor in males over 55 years. The MHO, MUNO, and MUO phenotypes were not independent risk factors for hypothyroidism in females. CONCLUSION: Both obesity and metabolic abnormities are associated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism in males. The underlying mechanism of the sex and age differences in this association needs further investigation.
Entities:
Keywords:
Age difference; Generalized estimating equation method; Hypothyroidism; Obesity phenotype; Sex difference
Authors: Nicolas Rodondi; Wendy P J den Elzen; Douglas C Bauer; Anne R Cappola; Salman Razvi; John P Walsh; Bjørn O Asvold; Giorgio Iervasi; Misa Imaizumi; Tinh-Hai Collet; Alexandra Bremner; Patrick Maisonneuve; José A Sgarbi; Kay-Tee Khaw; Mark P J Vanderpump; Anne B Newman; Jacques Cornuz; Jayne A Franklyn; Rudi G J Westendorp; Eric Vittinghoff; Jacobijn Gussekloo Journal: JAMA Date: 2010-09-22 Impact factor: 56.272