Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro1,2, Andrea Romanos-Nanclares1,2, Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona1,3, Alfredo Gea1,2,4, Carmen Sayon-Orea1,5, Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez1,2,4,6, Estefanía Toledo7,8,9. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. 2. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. 3. Department of Clinical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. 4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Área de Fisiología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain. 5. Public Health Institute, 31003, Pamplona, Spain. 6. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. 7. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. etoledo@unav.es. 8. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. etoledo@unav.es. 9. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Área de Fisiología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain. etoledo@unav.es.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Epidemiological evidence concerning the relationship between calcium and vitamin D intake and breast cancer (BC) is inconclusive. Moreover, the association according to menopausal status remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether total intakes from dietary and supplemental sources of calcium and vitamin D were associated with the incidence of BC in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the association between intakes of calcium and vitamin D and BC risk among 10,812 women in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project, a Spanish cohort of university graduates. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 10.7 years, 101 incident BC cases were confirmed. Evidence of a non-linear association between total calcium intake and BC risk was found (Pnon-linearity = 0.011) with risk reductions associated with higher intake up to approximately 1400 mg/day. Moderate intake [Tertile 2 (T2)] of total calcium was associated with lower overall BC risk [HR for T2 vs. Tertile 1 (T1): 0.55; 95% CI 0.33-0.91] and also among postmenopausal women (HRT2 vs. T1 = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16-0.92). Intake of vitamin D was not associated with BC risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an L-shaped association between total calcium intake and BC incidence. Moderate calcium intake may be associated with lower BC risk among overall and postmenopausal women, but not among premenopausal women. No evidence for any association between vitamin D intake and BC was found. Adherence to current guidelines recommendations for calcium intake may help to reduce BC risk.
PURPOSE: Epidemiological evidence concerning the relationship between calcium and vitamin D intake and breast cancer (BC) is inconclusive. Moreover, the association according to menopausal status remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether total intakes from dietary and supplemental sources of calcium and vitamin D were associated with the incidence of BC in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the association between intakes of calcium and vitamin D and BC risk among 10,812 women in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project, a Spanish cohort of university graduates. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 10.7 years, 101 incident BC cases were confirmed. Evidence of a non-linear association between total calcium intake and BC risk was found (Pnon-linearity = 0.011) with risk reductions associated with higher intake up to approximately 1400 mg/day. Moderate intake [Tertile 2 (T2)] of total calcium was associated with lower overall BC risk [HR for T2 vs. Tertile 1 (T1): 0.55; 95% CI 0.33-0.91] and also among postmenopausal women (HRT2 vs. T1 = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16-0.92). Intake of vitamin D was not associated with BC risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an L-shaped association between total calcium intake and BC incidence. Moderate calcium intake may be associated with lower BC risk among overall and postmenopausal women, but not among premenopausal women. No evidence for any association between vitamin D intake and BC was found. Adherence to current guidelines recommendations for calcium intake may help to reduce BC risk.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast cancer; Calcium; Chemoprevention; Mediterranean cohort; SUN study; Vitamin D
Authors: Ida Stenfeldt Mathiasen; Igor N Sergeev; Lone Bastholm; Folmer Elling; Anthony W Norman; Marja Jäättelä Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2002-06-18 Impact factor: 5.157