Predicting Maternal Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Level as Biomarkers of Pre-eclampsia: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study to determine maternal adiponectin and leptin levels as biomarkers of pre-eclampsia and compare adiponectin and leptin ratio.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study. The enrolled women were divided into two groups: first, study group (n = 60) comprised of women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and second, control group (n = 60) comprised of age- and gestation-matched normotensive and nonproteinuric women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal serum adiponectin and leptin levels and their ratio were compared in pre-eclamptic (study group) and normotensive (control group) women.
RESULTS: Adiponectin levels were insignificantly higher in study group than control group. Leptin levels in study group were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.001). Adiponectin/leptin ratio was significantly lower in study group than controls (p < 0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of serum leptin and serum adiponectin/leptin ratio as a biomarker of pre-eclampsia were 90%, 88.3%, 88.5%, 89.8% and 68.3%, 90%, 87.2%, 74%, respectively. Serum leptin levels and serum adiponectin/leptin ratio had cut-off point as 23.3 ng/ml and < 0.153, respectively. Accuracy of both serum leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio was significant (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Maternal leptin-level estimation should be integrated into the investigations for pre-eclampsia, and a cut-off level of > 23.3 ng/ml should be used as a biomarker for diagnosis. Adiponectin-leptin ratio should be considered as a biomarker for PE and should be determined in all cases of pre-eclampsia, and a cut-off of < 0.153 should be used for diagnosis. © Federation of Obstetric & Gynecological Societies of India 2021.