Masakazu Goto1,2, Mingyao Liu3,4. 1. Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. 2. Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. 3. Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. mingyao.liu@utoronto.ca. 4. Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. mingyao.liu@utoronto.ca.