The Impact of Longitudinal Surveillance on Tumor Thickness for Melanoma-Prone Families with and without Pathogenic Germline Variants of CDKN2A and CDK4.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer screening is routinely performed for members of melanoma-prone families, but longitudinal studies evaluating the efficacy of surveillance in this high-risk population are lacking.
METHODS: We evaluated thickness for first primary melanomas diagnosed in melanoma-prone families (≥2 individuals with melanoma) enrolled in NCT00040352 (NCI familial melanoma study) from 1976 through 2014; enrolled patients received routine skin cancer screening and education about skin self-exams. We used linear and ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for gender and age with a generalized estimating equations approach to report changes in thickness and tumor (T) stage over time, comparing outcomes for NCI cases diagnosed before (pre-study) versus after study participation (prospective) and for NCI cases versus nonfamilial cases [Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 registries].
RESULTS: Tumor thickness was evaluated for 293 NCI (pre-study = 246; prospective = 47) patients. Compared with NCI pre-study cases, NCI prospective melanomas were thinner (0.6 vs. 1.1 mm; P < 0.001) and more likely to be T1 stage [39/47 (83%) vs. 98/246 (40%); P < 0.001]. Similar findings (P < 0.05) were observed for familial cases with and without germline CDKN2A and CDK4 mutations. Peters-Belson modeling suggested that calendar period effects of decreasing thickness in the general population (SEER 9) did not fully explain thickness trends in NCI families.
CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a longitudinal surveillance program providing skin cancer screening and education about skin self-exams was associated with thinner melanomas for members of melanoma-prone families. IMPACT: The study findings support the clinical benefit of screening (physician and self) for this high-risk population. ©2021 American Association for Cancer Research.