Sophie Bockel1,2, Sophie Espenel1,2, Roger Sun1,3, Isabelle Dumas1, Sébastien Gouy4, Philippe Morice4, Cyrus Chargari1,2,3,4,5. 1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France. 2. Department of Brachytherapy, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France. 3. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France. 4. Department of Surgery, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France. 5. French Military Health Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, 75015 Paris, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Local recurrence in gynecological malignancies occurring in a previously irradiated field is a challenging clinical issue. The most frequent curative-intent treatment is salvage surgery. Reirradiation, using three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT), might be a suitable alternative. We reviewed recent literature concerning 3D-IGBT for reirradiation in the context of local recurrences from gynecological malignancies. METHODS: We conducted a large-scale literature research, and 15 original studies, responding to our research criteria, were finally selected. RESULTS: Local control rates ranged from 44% to 71.4% at 2-5 years, and overall survival rates ranged from 39.5% to 78% at 2-5 years. Grade ≥3 toxicities ranged from 1.7% to 50%, with only one study reporting a grade 5 event. Results in terms of outcome and toxicities were highly variable depending on studies. Several studies suggested that local control could be improved with 2 Gy equivalent doses >40 Gy. CONCLUSION: IGBT appears to be a feasible alternative to salvage surgery in inoperable patients or patients refusing surgery, with an acceptable outcome for patients who have no other curative therapeutic options, however at a high cost of long-term grade ≥3 toxicities in some studies. We recommend that patients with local recurrence from gynecologic neoplasm occurring in previously irradiated fields should be referred to highly experienced expert centers. Centralization of data and large-scale multicentric international prospective trials are warranted. Efforts should be made to improve local control while limiting the risk of toxicities.
BACKGROUND: Local recurrence in gynecological malignancies occurring in a previously irradiated field is a challenging clinical issue. The most frequent curative-intent treatment is salvage surgery. Reirradiation, using three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT), might be a suitable alternative. We reviewed recent literature concerning 3D-IGBT for reirradiation in the context of local recurrences from gynecological malignancies. METHODS: We conducted a large-scale literature research, and 15 original studies, responding to our research criteria, were finally selected. RESULTS: Local control rates ranged from 44% to 71.4% at 2-5 years, and overall survival rates ranged from 39.5% to 78% at 2-5 years. Grade ≥3 toxicities ranged from 1.7% to 50%, with only one study reporting a grade 5 event. Results in terms of outcome and toxicities were highly variable depending on studies. Several studies suggested that local control could be improved with 2 Gy equivalent doses >40 Gy. CONCLUSION: IGBT appears to be a feasible alternative to salvage surgery in inoperable patients or patients refusing surgery, with an acceptable outcome for patients who have no other curative therapeutic options, however at a high cost of long-term grade ≥3 toxicities in some studies. We recommend that patients with local recurrence from gynecologic neoplasm occurring in previously irradiated fields should be referred to highly experienced expert centers. Centralization of data and large-scale multicentric international prospective trials are warranted. Efforts should be made to improve local control while limiting the risk of toxicities.
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