Zara Maman Oumarou1, Mahaman Moustapha Lamine2,3, Tahirou Issaka4, Kamayé Moumouni4, Ibrahim Alkassoum5, Daou Maman4, Mahamadou Doutchi6, Soumana Alido4, Ibrahim Maman Laminou3. 1. Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Maternité Issaka Gazobi, Niamey, République du Niger. 2. Département de Parasitologie, Université Cheick Anta Diop, Dakar, République du Sénégal. 3. Unité de Paludologie-Entomologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, République du Niger. 4. Département de Médecine, Faculté de Science de la Santé de l´Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, République du Niger. 5. Département de Santé Publique, Faculté de Science de la Santé de l´Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, République du Niger. 6. Département de Médecine, Université de Zinder, Zinder, République du Niger.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Africa. It can have serious consequences for mother, fetus and newborn. It is associated with high maternal and infant mortality rate. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of plasmodium infection in pregnant women, describe their clinical signs and potential complications, analyze associated factors, and propose preventive measures. METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional study at the Issaka Gazobi Maternity Ward (MIG), Niamey, from 1 June to 30 November 2017. Diagnosis was based on microscopic examination. RESULTS: two hundred and forty-nine (249) women were included in this study. The prevalence of plasmodium infection was 36.5% (IC95%; [30.6; 42.9]). Mean parasite density was 177 P/μl (SD: 121; [40; 800]). All infections were due to P. falciparum. Seventy-three point six percent (67/91) of infected women were asymptomatic. Only 26.4% (24/91) of them had uncomplicated malaria; 9.6% (6/91) had miscarriage; 38.4% of newborns were low birthweight; 26.51% (66/249) developed congenital malaria. Mortality rate was 1.1% (1/ 91). Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) significantly protected patients against gestational malaria (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: in Niger, P. falciparum infection very commonly affects pregnant women. It is most often asymptomatic but it can lead to uncomplicated or even severe malaria. Main consequences include abortion, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malaria and maternal death. IPT and the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (LLINs) can prevent infection. Copyright: Zara Maman Oumarou et al.
INTRODUCTION: malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Africa. It can have serious consequences for mother, fetus and newborn. It is associated with high maternal and infant mortality rate. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of plasmodium infection in pregnant women, describe their clinical signs and potential complications, analyze associated factors, and propose preventive measures. METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional study at the Issaka Gazobi Maternity Ward (MIG), Niamey, from 1 June to 30 November 2017. Diagnosis was based on microscopic examination. RESULTS: two hundred and forty-nine (249) women were included in this study. The prevalence of plasmodium infection was 36.5% (IC95%; [30.6; 42.9]). Mean parasite density was 177 P/μl (SD: 121; [40; 800]). All infections were due to P. falciparum. Seventy-three point six percent (67/91) of infected women were asymptomatic. Only 26.4% (24/91) of them had uncomplicated malaria; 9.6% (6/91) had miscarriage; 38.4% of newborns were low birthweight; 26.51% (66/249) developed congenital malaria. Mortality rate was 1.1% (1/ 91). Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) significantly protected patients against gestational malaria (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: in Niger, P. falciparum infection very commonly affects pregnant women. It is most often asymptomatic but it can lead to uncomplicated or even severe malaria. Main consequences include abortion, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malaria and maternal death. IPT and the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (LLINs) can prevent infection. Copyright: Zara Maman Oumarou et al.
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