Dhananjayan Venugopal1, Panjakumar Karunamoorthy2, Ravichandran Beerappa2, Debi Sharma3, Mala Aambikapathy2, Kausic Rajasekar4, Avinash Gaikwad2, Shridhar Kondhalkar2. 1. ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India. dhananjayan_v@yahoo.com. 2. ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India. 3. ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089, India. 4. Medical Officers, Primary Health Center, Valparai, Tamil Nadu, 642127, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Women contribute fifty percent of the total work force in tea plantation sector. The continuous use of chemical pesticides in plantation may increase the risk of exposure and can cause detrimental health effects. OBJECTIVES: To assess the health status of women worker exposed to pesticides in tea plantation and to evaluate the pesticide levels in work environment. METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed (n = 204) to assess the health complaints among exposed women workers (n = 116) and non-exposed women (n = 88) using a predesigned questionnaire. Work environmental air samples collected using PUF sampler and personal samplers were analyzed for various pesticides. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal disorder, skin color changes, allergies and asthma were the most commonly reported health complaints. Notably, only 16% of the women used personal protective equipment (PPE) while 68% reported to have experienced tea plantation work up to 6 month of their pregnancy period. Chlorpyrifos methyl (8.3%), carbendazim (6.7%), thiamethoxam (4.2%), ethion (4.2%) and thiophanate methyl (2.1%) were detected in work place air samples. SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to characterize pesticide levels in work place of women workers in India. Women are continuously exposed to pesticides through their work and environmental exposure. Preventive measures are essential to mitigate the adverse health effects of pesticides among women workers.
BACKGROUND:Women contribute fifty percent of the total work force in tea plantation sector. The continuous use of chemical pesticides in plantation may increase the risk of exposure and can cause detrimental health effects. OBJECTIVES: To assess the health status of women worker exposed to pesticides in tea plantation and to evaluate the pesticide levels in work environment. METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed (n = 204) to assess the health complaints among exposed women workers (n = 116) and non-exposed women (n = 88) using a predesigned questionnaire. Work environmental air samples collected using PUF sampler and personal samplers were analyzed for various pesticides. RESULTS:Musculoskeletal disorder, skin color changes, allergies and asthma were the most commonly reported health complaints. Notably, only 16% of the women used personal protective equipment (PPE) while 68% reported to have experienced tea plantation work up to 6 month of their pregnancy period. Chlorpyrifos methyl (8.3%), carbendazim (6.7%), thiamethoxam (4.2%), ethion (4.2%) and thiophanate methyl (2.1%) were detected in work place air samples. SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to characterize pesticide levels in work place of women workers in India. Women are continuously exposed to pesticides through their work and environmental exposure. Preventive measures are essential to mitigate the adverse health effects of pesticides among women workers.
Authors: Martin Röösli; Samuel Fuhrimann; Aggrey Atuhaire; Hanna-Andrea Rother; James Dabrowski; Brenda Eskenazi; Erik Jørs; Paul C Jepson; Leslie London; Saloshni Naidoo; Diane S Rohlman; Ivy Saunyama; Berna van Wendel de Joode; Adeoluwa O Adeleye; Oyebanji O Alagbo; Dem Aliaj; Jember Azanaw; Ravichandran Beerappa; Curdin Brugger; Sunisa Chaiklieng; Shala Chetty-Mhlanga; Grace A Chitra; Venugopal Dhananjayan; Afure Ejomah; Christian Ebere Enyoh; Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani; Jonathan N Hogarh; Janefrances N Ihedioha; Jeanne Priscille Ingabire; Ellinor Isgren; Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko; Liana Maree; Nkoum Metou'ou Ernest; Haruna Musa Moda; Edward Mubiru; Mwema Felix Mwema; Immaculate Ndagire; Godwin O Olutona; Peter Otieno; Jordan M Paguirigan; Reginald Quansah; Charles Ssemugabo; Seruwo Solomon; Mosudi B Sosan; Mohammad Bashir Sulaiman; Berhan M Teklu; Isioma Tongo; Osariyekemwen Uyi; Henry Cueva-Vásquez; Adriana Veludo; Paola Viglietti; Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-23 Impact factor: 4.614