Knockdown of Target Genes by siRNA In Vitro.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular process involved in the silencing of genes, which makes RNAi important for observing and understanding the function of specific gene products. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is a RNAi pathway, where exogenous double stranded RNA is introduced to the cell and cleaved by an endoribonuclease, Dicer, to form siRNA, which interacts with a protein complex to scan mRNAs to bind to its complementary sequence. The binding of the siRNA to its complementary mRNA, the mRNA is cleaved and degraded by the cell, significantly reducing the levels of the target protein product. The discovery of this mechanism made it a powerful tool to use as a technique for therapeutics, agricultural biology, and cellular and molecular biology.