Kaori Yama 1 , Yuki Asari 1 , Aiko Ono 1 , Maiko Machida 1 , Jun Miura 1 Show Affiliations »
Abstract
Background: The precise pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is unknown, and chronic inflammation has been implicated in PMS. However, inflammatory markers, including cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), have not been investigated before and after menstruation in relation to PMS among the same participants. This study investigated whether the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and CRP are related to PMS. Methods: The study included 21 healthy Japanese women (aged 19-24 years) with a regular menstrual cycle. Inflammatory marker levels in plasma were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the level of depressiveness was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Results: Of the 21 women, 7 were considered to have moderate-to-severe PMS (PMS [+] group) and 14 were considered to have no or mild PMS (PMS [-]), and none of the participants had premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The IL-10 levels were significantly lower before than after menstruation in the PMS (-) group. The IL-10 levels before menstruation were significantly higher in the PMS (+) group than in the PMS (-) group. Other markers did not show relevant differences between the groups. The CES-D scores were higher in the PMS (+) group than in the PMS (-) group both before and after menstruation. There were positive correlations between the CES-D scores and IL-6 levels before menstruation and the CES-D scores and IL-10 levels after menstruation. Conclusions: The IL-10 levels before menstruation were higher in women with PMS than in those without PMS, and these levels might be related to PMS. © Kaori Yama et al. 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Background: The precise pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is unknown, and chronic inflammation has been implicated in PMS. However, inflammatory markers, including cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP ), have not been investigated before and after menstruation in relation to PMS among the same participants . This study investigated whether the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor -α, interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-10 , and CRP are related to PMS. Methods: The study included 21 healthy Japanese women (aged 19-24 years) with a regular menstrual cycle. Inflammatory marker levels in plasma were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the level of depressiveness was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES -D) scale. Results: Of the 21 women , 7 were considered to have moderate-to-severe PMS (PMS [+] group) and 14 were considered to have no or mild PMS (PMS [-]), and none of the participants had premenstrual dysphoric disorder . The IL-10 levels were significantly lower before than after menstruation in the PMS (-) group. The IL-10 levels before menstruation were significantly higher in the PMS (+) group than in the PMS (-) group. Other markers did not show relevant differences between the groups. The CES -D scores were higher in the PMS (+) group than in the PMS (-) group both before and after menstruation. There were positive correlations between the CES -D scores and IL-6 levels before menstruation and the CES -D scores and IL-10 levels after menstruation. Conclusions: The IL-10 levels before menstruation were higher in women with PMS than in those without PMS, and these levels might be related to PMS. © Kaori Yama et al. 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Entities: CellLine
Chemical
Disease
Gene
Species
Keywords:
depression; inflammation; interleukin-10; premenstrual syndrome
Year: 2020
PMID： 33786476 PMCID： PMC7784795 DOI： 10.1089/whr.2019.0010
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) ISSN： 2688-4844