Long-Term Follow-Up After Successful Trabeculectomy: A Case Report of Reversal of Cupping and Recovery of Visual Field Progression.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only available evidence-based treatment that reduces visual field deterioration in glaucoma. We present a representative case of structural recovery and recovery of visual field progression after successful trabeculectomy (TLE) with long-term follow-up. A 35-year-old woman with glaucoma visited our hospital in 2008. The IOP in her right eye was 11 mmHg at the first visit, and subsequently increased to values in the high teens to 20 mmHg despite treatment with anti-glaucoma eye drops. During this period, the progression of this eye's visual field deterioration was fast (mean deviation [MD] slope = -0.63 dB/year) and the optic disc cupping was advanced. In the seven-year period after successful TLE in 2014, the IOP declined to between 8 and 12 mmHg without any anti-glaucoma medication. During the first two years after TLE, the MD values were poorer than those before TLE. However, by 2020, MD values improved gradually to a state better than that before the surgery (MD slope during this period was +0.75 dB/year). The appearance of the optic disc was monitored using fundus photography, which showed optic disc morphological changes during topical glaucoma medication before and after TLE. In particular, a remarkable reversal of optic disc cupping enlargement started at two weeks after TLE, and the optic disc shape in 2021 was similar to that in 2008. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries are often preferred; however, our findings suggest that successful TLE followed by long-term rigorous IOP control can result in structural recoveries. Additionally, despite the deterioration in visual field in the early years after TLE, in the long term, it may settle down to the same level before the surgery with recovery of visual field progression, which may be a part of functional recovery.