Yosuf Abdullah Salih1, Mohammed T Rasool2, Idris Haji Ahmed3, Ayad Ahmad Mohammed4. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Duhok General Directorate of Health, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 2. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, DUHOK, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Non-communicable Disease Unit Duhok General Directorate of Health, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 4. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, DUHOK, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in most parts of the world. Its insufficiency or deficiency is implicated in bone diseases, some cancers, infectious diseases, heart disease, autoimmune and metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 49.94 ± 9.36, while the mean age the controls was 48.95 ± 10.56. Females constituted 56.1% and males 43.9% in the cases group, while for the control group females were 54.8% and males were 43.9%. Low vitamin D levels were detected in 110 (71%) of cases and 63 (40.6%) of controls. There was a significant difference in vitamin D levels among cases and controls (p < 0.001), vitamin D level was lower among females compared to males, p < 0.001 and those living in urban areas compared to rural areas, p < 0.001, BMI and dyslipidemia had a significant effect on vitamin D levels among diabetics, p values 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively. The serum 25(OH)-D level was significantly lower in patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control and in patients with a diabetes duration greater than 5 years, p values < 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. No significant correlation was detected with age and smoking, p values 0.181 and 0.260 respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of hypo-vitaminosis D among patients with type-2 diabetes, particularly among patients with poor glycemic control and in those with longer diabetes durations. Vitamin-D deficiency is more prevalence in females, and those living in urban areas, those with obesity and patients with dyslipidemia.
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in most parts of the world. Its insufficiency or deficiency is implicated in bone diseases, some cancers, infectious diseases, heart disease, autoimmune and metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 49.94 ± 9.36, while the mean age the controls was 48.95 ± 10.56. Females constituted 56.1% and males 43.9% in the cases group, while for the control group females were 54.8% and males were 43.9%. Low vitamin D levels were detected in 110 (71%) of cases and 63 (40.6%) of controls. There was a significant difference in vitamin D levels among cases and controls (p < 0.001), vitamin D level was lower among females compared to males, p < 0.001 and those living in urban areas compared to rural areas, p < 0.001, BMI and dyslipidemia had a significant effect on vitamin D levels among diabetics, p values 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively. The serum 25(OH)-D level was significantly lower in patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control and in patients with a diabetes duration greater than 5 years, p values < 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. No significant correlation was detected with age and smoking, p values 0.181 and 0.260 respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of hypo-vitaminosis D among patients with type-2 diabetes, particularly among patients with poor glycemic control and in those with longer diabetes durations. Vitamin-D deficiency is more prevalence in females, and those living in urban areas, those with obesity and patients with dyslipidemia.
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