Xinyu Bian1,2, Dongmin Shi1, Kailin Xing1, Hongxin Zhou1, Lili Lu1, Dahai Yu2, Weizhong Wu1. 1. Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China. 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme (AMD1) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD), which are associated with multifarious cellular processes. It is also found to be an oncogene in multiple cancers and a potential target for tumor therapy. Nevertheless, the role AMD1 plays in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. METHODS: HCC samples were applied to detect AMD1 expression and evaluate its associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor mouse models were constructed to analyze the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells after AMD1 knockdown or overexpression. Drug sensitive and tumor sphere assay were performed to investigate the effect of AMD1 on HCC cells stemness. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) and m6A-RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) sequencing/qPCR were applied to explore the potential mechanisms of AMD1 in HCC. Furthermore, immunofluorescence, co-IP (Co-IP) assays, and mass spectrometric (MS) analyses were performed to verify the proteins interacting with AMD1. RESULTS: AMD1 was enriched in human HCC tissues and suggested a poor prognosis. High AMD1 level could promote SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4), and NANOG expression of HCC cells through obesity-associated protein (FTO)-mediated mRNA demethylation. Mechanistically, high AMD1 expression increased the levels of SPD in HCC cells, which could modify the scaffold protein, Ras GTPase-activating-like protein 1 (IQGAP1) and enhance the interaction between IQGAP1 and FTO. This interaction could enhance the phosphorylation and decrease the ubiquitination of FTO. CONCLUSIONS: AMD1 could stabilize the interaction of IQGAP1 with FTO, which then promotes FTO expression and increases HCC stemness. AMD1 shows prospects as a prognostic predictor and a therapeutic target for HCC.
BACKGROUND: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme (AMD1) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD), which are associated with multifarious cellular processes. It is also found to be an oncogene in multiple cancers and a potential target for tumor therapy. Nevertheless, the role AMD1 plays in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. METHODS: HCC samples were applied to detect AMD1 expression and evaluate its associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor mouse models were constructed to analyze the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells after AMD1 knockdown or overexpression. Drug sensitive and tumor sphere assay were performed to investigate the effect of AMD1 on HCC cells stemness. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) and m6A-RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) sequencing/qPCR were applied to explore the potential mechanisms of AMD1 in HCC. Furthermore, immunofluorescence, co-IP (Co-IP) assays, and mass spectrometric (MS) analyses were performed to verify the proteins interacting with AMD1. RESULTS: AMD1 was enriched in human HCC tissues and suggested a poor prognosis. High AMD1 level could promote SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4), and NANOG expression of HCC cells through obesity-associated protein (FTO)-mediated mRNA demethylation. Mechanistically, high AMD1 expression increased the levels of SPD in HCC cells, which could modify the scaffold protein, Ras GTPase-activating-like protein 1 (IQGAP1) and enhance the interaction between IQGAP1 and FTO. This interaction could enhance the phosphorylation and decrease the ubiquitination of FTO. CONCLUSIONS: AMD1 could stabilize the interaction of IQGAP1 with FTO, which then promotes FTO expression and increases HCC stemness. AMD1 shows prospects as a prognostic predictor and a therapeutic target for HCC.
Authors: Pedro J Batista; Benoit Molinie; Jinkai Wang; Kun Qu; Jiajing Zhang; Lingjie Li; Donna M Bouley; Ernesto Lujan; Bahareh Haddad; Kaveh Daneshvar; Ava C Carter; Ryan A Flynn; Chan Zhou; Kok-Seong Lim; Peter Dedon; Marius Wernig; Alan C Mullen; Yi Xing; Cosmas C Giallourakis; Howard Y Chang Journal: Cell Stem Cell Date: 2014-10-16 Impact factor: 24.633
Authors: Hong-Wu Xin; Chenwi M Ambe; Danielle M Hari; Gordon W Wiegand; Tyler C Miller; Jin-Qiu Chen; Andrew J Anderson; Satyajit Ray; John E Mullinax; Tomotake Koizumi; Russell C Langan; Douglas Burka; Michelle A Herrmann; Paul K Goldsmith; Alexander Stojadinovic; Udo Rudloff; Snorri S Thorgeirsson; Itzhak Avital Journal: Gut Date: 2013-02-14 Impact factor: 23.059