Randi K Johnson1, Roy Tamura2, Nicole Frank3, Ulla Uusitalo2, Jimin Yang2, Sari Niinistö4, Carin Andrén Aronsson5, Anette-G Ziegler6, William Hagopian7, Marian Rewers8, Jorma Toppari9, Beena Akolkar10, Jeffrey Krischer2, Suvi M Virtanen4,11,12,13, Jill M Norris14. 1. Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. 2. Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA. 4. Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 5. The Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. 6. Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. 7. Pacific Northwest Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. 8. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. 9. Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 10. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. 11. Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 12. Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 13. Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 14. Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA. Jill.norris@cuanschutz.edu.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to investigate the association between maternal consumption of gluten-containing foods and other selected foods during late pregnancy and offspring risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. METHODS: The TEDDY study recruited children at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes at birth, and prospectively follows them for the development of IA and type 1 diabetes (n = 8556). A questionnaire on the mother's diet in late pregnancy was completed by 3-4 months postpartum. The maternal daily intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire for eight food groups: gluten-containing foods, non-gluten cereals, fresh milk, sour milk, cheese products, soy products, lean/medium-fat fish and fatty fish. For each food, we described the distribution of maternal intake among the four participating countries in the TEDDY study and tested the association of tertile of maternal food consumption with risk of IA and type 1 diabetes using forward selection time-to-event Cox regression. RESULTS: By 28 February 2019, 791 cases of IA and 328 cases of type 1 diabetes developed in TEDDY. There was no association between maternal late-pregnancy consumption of gluten-containing foods or any of the other selected foods and risk of IA, type 1 diabetes, insulin autoantibody-first IA or GAD autoantibody-first IA (all p ≥ 0.01). Maternal gluten-containing food consumption in late pregnancy was higher in Sweden (242 g/day), Germany (247 g/day) and Finland (221 g/day) than in the USA (199 g/day) (pairwise p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Maternal food consumption during late pregnancy was not associated with offspring risk for IA or type 1 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00279318.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to investigate the association between maternal consumption of gluten-containing foods and other selected foods during late pregnancy and offspring risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. METHODS: The TEDDY study recruited children at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes at birth, and prospectively follows them for the development of IA and type 1 diabetes (n = 8556). A questionnaire on the mother's diet in late pregnancy was completed by 3-4 months postpartum. The maternal daily intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire for eight food groups: gluten-containing foods, non-gluten cereals, fresh milk, sour milk, cheese products, soy products, lean/medium-fat fish and fatty fish. For each food, we described the distribution of maternal intake among the four participating countries in the TEDDY study and tested the association of tertile of maternal food consumption with risk of IA and type 1 diabetes using forward selection time-to-event Cox regression. RESULTS: By 28 February 2019, 791 cases of IA and 328 cases of type 1 diabetes developed in TEDDY. There was no association between maternal late-pregnancy consumption of gluten-containing foods or any of the other selected foods and risk of IA, type 1 diabetes, insulin autoantibody-first IA or GAD autoantibody-first IA (all p ≥ 0.01). Maternal gluten-containing food consumption in late pregnancy was higher in Sweden (242 g/day), Germany (247 g/day) and Finland (221 g/day) than in the USA (199 g/day) (pairwise p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Maternal food consumption during late pregnancy was not associated with offspring risk for IA or type 1 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00279318.
Entities:
Keywords:
Autoimmunity; Gluten; Maternal diet; Pregnancy; Type 1 diabetes
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