Seong Rae Kim1, Seulggie Choi2, Kyuwoong Kim3, Jooyoung Chang2, Sung Min Kim2, Yoosun Cho4, Yun Hwan Oh5, Gyeongsil Lee4, Joung Sik Son4, Kyae Hyung Kim4,6, Sang Min Park2,4. 1. Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea. 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea. 3. Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea. 4. Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea. 5. Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, 15, Aran 13-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju 63241, South Korea. 6. Institute for Public Health and Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
Abstract
AIMS: Little is known about the trade-off between the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during outdoor PA. We examined the association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in PA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: This nationwide cohort study included 1 469 972 young adults aged 20-39 years. Air pollution exposure was estimated by the annual average cumulative level of particulate matter (PM). PA was calculated as minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week) based on two consecutive health examinations from 2009 to 2012. Compared with the participants exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10 who continuously engaged in ≥1000 MET-min/week of PA, those who decreased their PA from ≥1000 MET-min/week to 1-499 MET-min/week [PM10 adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.48] and to 0 MET-min/week (physically inactive; PM10 aHR 1.38; 95% CI 1.07-1.78) had an increased risk of CVD (P for trend <0.01). Among participants exposed to high levels of PM2.5 or PM10, the risk of CVD was elevated with an increase in PA above 1000 MET-min/week. CONCLUSION: Reducing PA may lead to subsequent elevation of CVD risk in young adults exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10, whereas a large increase in PA in a high-pollution environment may adversely affect cardiovascular health. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: Little is known about the trade-off between the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during outdoor PA. We examined the association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in PA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: This nationwide cohort study included 1 469 972 young adults aged 20-39 years. Air pollution exposure was estimated by the annual average cumulative level of particulate matter (PM). PA was calculated as minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week) based on two consecutive health examinations from 2009 to 2012. Compared with the participants exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10 who continuously engaged in ≥1000 MET-min/week of PA, those who decreased their PA from ≥1000 MET-min/week to 1-499 MET-min/week [PM10 adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.48] and to 0 MET-min/week (physically inactive; PM10 aHR 1.38; 95% CI 1.07-1.78) had an increased risk of CVD (P for trend <0.01). Among participants exposed to high levels of PM2.5 or PM10, the risk of CVD was elevated with an increase in PA above 1000 MET-min/week. CONCLUSION: Reducing PA may lead to subsequent elevation of CVD risk in young adults exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10, whereas a large increase in PA in a high-pollution environment may adversely affect cardiovascular health. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
Authors: Alan P Jacobsen; Yii Chun Khiew; Eamon Duffy; James O'Connell; Evans Brown; Paul G Auwaerter; Roger S Blumenthal; Brian S Schwartz; John William McEvoy Journal: Am J Prev Cardiol Date: 2022-09-11