| Literature DB >> 33779772 |
Helmar C Lehmann1, Benedikt Schoser2, Gilbert Wunderlich3,4, Peter Berlit5, Gereon R Fink3,6.
Abstract
Apart from disorders and diseases of the peripheral nerves, symptoms and disorders of the musculature and the neuromuscular transmission have also been described in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the second part of our review we provide an overview about frequently reported symptoms, such as myalgia as well as defined disorders, such as rhabdomyolysis, myositis, myasthenia and intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness, which have been described during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections or COVID-19.Furthermore, the criteria for a causality, such as association strength, plausibility, time course, and experimental evidence for a causal association that should be applied for the COVID-19-asssociated neuromuscular conditions described in the two parts of the review are discussed. At present, in addition to anosmia, which is also known in the lay press, myalgia in particular as a nonspecific symptom are frequent sequelae of a symptomatic SARS-CoV‑2 infection. Other neuromuscular complications seem to be principally plausible (considering the pathogenesis) but apparently rare consequences of a SARS-CoV‑2 infection. Prospective or cohort studies are necessary to confirm a causality and assess the risk.Entities:
Keywords: Causality [N05.715.350.200]; Etiology; Molecular mimicry [G02.111.560]; Muscular diseases [C05.651]; Neuromuscular manifestations [C10.597.613]
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 33779772 PMCID: PMC8005661 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01093-1
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nervenarzt ISSN: 0028-2804 Impact factor: 1.214
| Critical-illness-Polyneuropathie (CIP) | Critical-illness-Myopathie (CIM) | |
|---|---|---|
| Risikofaktoren | Sepsis, Multiorganversagen, weibliches Geschlecht, Multimorbidität, lange Dauer einer Organdysfunktion, langer Aufenthalt auf Intensivstation, lange Beatmung auf der Intensivstation, Hyperglykämie (Kortikosteroide und Muskelrelaxanzien nicht konsistent in allen Studien als Risikofaktor nachweisbar) | |
| Symptomatik | Muskelschwäche Verzögertes „Weaning“ Muskelatrophie | Muskelschwäche Verzögertes „Weaning“ Muskelatrophie CK erhöht |
| Elektrophysiologie | Axonale sensomotorische Neuropathie | SNAPa erhalten, MSAP reduziert EMG: myopathisch alterierte Potenziale |
| Biopsie (in der Regel nicht notwendig) | Axonale Degeneration motorischer und sensibler Nervenfasern | Myopathie in Muskelbiopsie |
CK Kreatinkinase, EMG Elektromyogramm, MSAP Muskelsummenaktionspotenzial, SNAP sensibles Nervenaktionspotenzial
a>80 % des unteren Grenzwerts
| Kriterium | Beispiel | GBS/MFS | MG | Anosmie | HN-Affektion | Myalgien | Myositis | Rhabdomyolyse | ICUAW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effektstärke (häufig nach Exposition beschrieben?) | Tabakkonsum und Lungenkrebs | ↓ | ⇊ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Konsistent (wiederholt in verschiedenen Settings beschrieben?) | GBS nach | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
| Spezifität | Poliovirus und Poliomyelitis | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
| Zeitlicher Zusammenhang | GBS 4 bis 6 Wochen nach Infektion | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehung | Anzahl „packyears“ und Häufigkeit Lungenkrebs | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
| Plausibilität | Nachweis von Pathomechanismen (z. B. Nachweis von ACE2 in Geweben) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Kohärenz (aus dem bisherigen Verständnis der Erkrankung nachvollziehbar) | Zika-Viren als Auslöser eines GBS | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Experiment (Replikation der Erkrankung durch Transfer ins Tier) | Injektion von Patientenserum in Mäuse zum Nachweis von Botulismus | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
| Analogie | NME als Endorganschaden einer Viruserkrankung | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ |
↓ niedrige Effektstärke, ⇊ äußerst niedrige Effektstärke, ✔ vorhanden, ✘ nicht vorhanden
ACE2 „angiotensin converting enzyme 2“, GBS Guillain-Barré-Syndrom, HN Hirnnerven, ICUAW „intensive care unit acquired weakness“, MFS Miller Fisher-Syndrom, MG Myasthenia gravis, NME neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen