F Mbonyinshuti1,2,3, K C Takarinda4,5, S Ade4,6, M Manzi7, P G Iradukunda8,9, J Kabatende8,10, T Habiyaremye1,11, P C Kayumba2. 1. Human Resource for Health Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda. 2. College of Business and Economics, African Centre of Excellence in Data Science, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. 3. University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda. 4. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France. 5. AIDS & TB Department, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe. 6. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Bénin. 7. Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, MSF-Luxembourg (LuxOR), Luxembourg, Belgium. 8. Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Kigali, Rwanda. 9. University of London, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 10. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 11. Department of Clinical and Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda.
Abstract
SETTING: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma are on the rise in developing countries, including Rwanda; there is thus a need to ensure uninterrupted drug availability. OBJECTIVES: To assess 1) the frequency and duration of drug stock-outs; 2) lead time duration 3) monthly stock levels; and 4) drug quantities requested vs. quantity delivered for captopril, metformin and inhaled salbutamol between January and December 2018 Kirehe District, Rwanda. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary programme data. RESULTS: The median annual stock-outs for captopril, metformin and inhaled salbutamol were respectively 4 (IQR 3-4), 3 (IQR 2-3) and 4 (IQR 4-5) at rural health facilities (RHCs); no stock-outs occurred at the district hospital. For all three drugs, the median lead time was 7.5 days (IQR 5.5-11.5) at the hospital vs. 5 days (IQR 3-6) in RHCs. Stock status for captopril was below the 4-week minimum stock level for 2/12 months at the hospital vs. 7/12 months at the RHCs, while metformin and inhaled salbutamol were below the 4-week minimum stock levels for respectively 1/12 and 4/12 months at both hospital and RHCs. Total drug quantities delivered were less than the combined total quantities requested in respectively 8/12, 5/12 and 8/12 months for captopril, metformin and inhaled salbutamol. CONCLUSION: There is a need to regularly and effectively monitor drug stock levels and ensure timely and sufficient stock replenishment to avert stock-outs.
SETTING: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma are on the rise in developing countries, including Rwanda; there is thus a need to ensure uninterrupted drug availability. OBJECTIVES: To assess 1) the frequency and duration of drug stock-outs; 2) lead time duration 3) monthly stock levels; and 4) drug quantities requested vs. quantity delivered for captopril, metformin and inhaled salbutamol between January and December 2018 Kirehe District, Rwanda. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary programme data. RESULTS: The median annual stock-outs for captopril, metformin and inhaled salbutamol were respectively 4 (IQR 3-4), 3 (IQR 2-3) and 4 (IQR 4-5) at rural health facilities (RHCs); no stock-outs occurred at the district hospital. For all three drugs, the median lead time was 7.5 days (IQR 5.5-11.5) at the hospital vs. 5 days (IQR 3-6) in RHCs. Stock status for captopril was below the 4-week minimum stock level for 2/12 months at the hospital vs. 7/12 months at the RHCs, while metformin and inhaled salbutamol were below the 4-week minimum stock levels for respectively 1/12 and 4/12 months at both hospital and RHCs. Total drug quantities delivered were less than the combined total quantities requested in respectively 8/12, 5/12 and 8/12 months for captopril, metformin and inhaled salbutamol. CONCLUSION: There is a need to regularly and effectively monitor drug stock levels and ensure timely and sufficient stock replenishment to avert stock-outs.
Authors: Soeren Mattke; Marla C Haims; Nono Ayivi-Guedehoussou; Emily M Gillen; Lauren E Hunter; Lisa Klautzer; Tewodaj Mengistu Journal: Rand Health Q Date: 2011-09-01
Authors: Bradley H Wagenaar; Sarah Gimbel; Roxanne Hoek; James Pfeiffer; Cathy Michel; João Luis Manuel; Fatima Cuembelo; Titos Quembo; Pires Afonso; Stephen Gloyd; Kenneth Sherr Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2014-04-11 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: Monica Adhiambo Onyango; Taryn Vian; Isabel Hirsch; Devashri D Salvi; Richard Laing; Peter C Rockers; Paul G Ashigbie; Veronika J Wirtz Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-08-24 Impact factor: 3.240