Paracoccus binzhouensis sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

A gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped strain, designated wg1T, was isolated from activated sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plant in Binzhou (Shandong province, PR China). Growth of strain wg1T occurred at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum growth at pH 8.0) and at a salinity range of 0-4% (optimum, 1%). The chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic traits were investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain wg1T belonged to the genus Paracoccus. The species with highest similarity to strain wg1T was Paracoccus communis VKM B-2787T (98.27%), followed by Paracoccus kondratievae VKM B-2222T (98.25%). The isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8, C16:0 and C18:0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), aminoglycolipid (AGL), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), aminolipid (AL), one unidentified lipid (L) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL). The genome size was 4,834,448 bp with a G+C content of 67.67 mol%. The prediction result of secondary metabolites based on genome has shown that the strain wg1T contained 12 clusters, and the gene involved in primary metabolism showed differences in the comparison between wg1T and reference strains. The dDDH values of strain wg1T with P. communis VKM B-2787T, P. kondratievae VKM B-2222T and P. denitrificans DSM 413T were 45.30, 30.60 and 39.50%, respectively. Based on its physiological properties, chemotaxonomic characteristics and low ANI and dDDH results, strain wg1T is considered to represent a novel species for which the name Paracoccus binzhouensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is wg1T (= KCTC 72861T = CCTCC AB 2019400T).