Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola1, August Sigle2, Martin Eklund3, Daniel Eberli4, Arkadiusz Miernik2, Matthias Benndorf5, Fabian Bamberg5, Christian Gratzke2. 1. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: rodrigo.suarez@uniklinik-freiburg.de. 2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany. 3. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 5. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Men suspected of harboring prostate cancer (PCa) increasingly undergo multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and mpMRI-guided biopsy. The potential of mpMRI coupled to artificial intelligence (AI) methods to detect and classify PCa before decision-making requires investigation. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for studies addressing the diagnostic performance of combined mpMRI and AI approaches to detect and classify PCa, and to provide selection criteria for relevant articles having clinical significance. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a nonsystematic search of the English language literature using the PubMed-MEDLINE database up to October 30, 2020. We included all original studies addressing the diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and AI to detect and classify PCa with histopathological analysis as a reference standard. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Eleven studies assessed AI and mpMRI approaches for PCa detection and classification based on a ground truth that referred to the entire prostate either with radical prostatectomy specimens (RPS) or relocalization of positive systematic and/or targeted biopsy. Seven studies retrospectively annotated cancerous lesions onto mpMRI identified in whole-mount sections from RPS, three studies used a backward projection of histological prostate biopsy information, and one study used a combined cohort of both approaches. All studies cross-validated their data sets; only four used a test set and one a multisite validation scheme. Performance metrics for lesion detection ranged from 87.9% to 92% at a threshold specificity of 50%. The lesion classification accuracy of the algorithms was comparable to that of the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System. CONCLUSIONS: For an algorithm to be implemented into radiological workflows and to be clinically applicable, it must be trained with a ground truth labeling that reflects histopathological information for the entire prostate and it must be externally validated. Lesion detection and classification performance metrics are promising but require prospective implementation and external validation for clinical significance. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed the literature for studies on prostate cancer detection and classification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and artificial intelligence algorithms. The main application is in supporting radiologists in interpreting MRI scans and improving the diagnostic performance, so that fewer unnecessary biopsies are carried out.
CONTEXT: Men suspected of harboring prostate cancer (PCa) increasingly undergo multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and mpMRI-guided biopsy. The potential of mpMRI coupled to artificial intelligence (AI) methods to detect and classify PCa before decision-making requires investigation. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for studies addressing the diagnostic performance of combined mpMRI and AI approaches to detect and classify PCa, and to provide selection criteria for relevant articles having clinical significance. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a nonsystematic search of the English language literature using the PubMed-MEDLINE database up to October 30, 2020. We included all original studies addressing the diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and AI to detect and classify PCa with histopathological analysis as a reference standard. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Eleven studies assessed AI and mpMRI approaches for PCa detection and classification based on a ground truth that referred to the entire prostate either with radical prostatectomy specimens (RPS) or relocalization of positive systematic and/or targeted biopsy. Seven studies retrospectively annotated cancerous lesions onto mpMRI identified in whole-mount sections from RPS, three studies used a backward projection of histological prostate biopsy information, and one study used a combined cohort of both approaches. All studies cross-validated their data sets; only four used a test set and one a multisite validation scheme. Performance metrics for lesion detection ranged from 87.9% to 92% at a threshold specificity of 50%. The lesion classification accuracy of the algorithms was comparable to that of the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System. CONCLUSIONS: For an algorithm to be implemented into radiological workflows and to be clinically applicable, it must be trained with a ground truth labeling that reflects histopathological information for the entire prostate and it must be externally validated. Lesion detection and classification performance metrics are promising but require prospective implementation and external validation for clinical significance. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed the literature for studies on prostate cancer detection and classification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and artificial intelligence algorithms. The main application is in supporting radiologists in interpreting MRI scans and improving the diagnostic performance, so that fewer unnecessary biopsies are carried out.
Authors: August Sigle; Cordula A Jilg; Timur H Kuru; Nadine Binder; Jakob Michaelis; Markus Grabbert; Wolfgang Schultze-Seemann; Arkadiusz Miernik; Christian Gratzke; Matthias Benndorf; Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2021-05-20 Impact factor: 6.639