Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo1, Gotzone Hervás Bárbara2, Marta Gianzo Citores2, Javier Aranceta-Bartrina3. 1. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain. 2. Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain. 3. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: javieraranceta@gmail.com.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥ 3 years and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and their association with CVRF. METHODS: The sample was drawn from the ENPE study (n=6800). The study protocol included individual anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic factors, food intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity, lifestyles, and health problems. RESULTS: The estimated overall prevalence of obesity (22.0%; 95%CI, 21.0-23.0) and AO (64.7%; 95%CI, 63.5-65.8) was higher in men, in persons aged ≥ 65 years, and in those with a lower socioeconomic level or from southern regions. Lifestyle pattern was significantly associated with obesity and AO (P=.011), which were less likely in people with an active lifestyle pattern (P <.0001). Obesity (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.24-2.78) and AO (OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.1-4.24) were positively associated with CVRF. Clustering of CVRF with obesity and/or AO was higher in women (12.6%; 95%CI, 11.4-13.9) and in persons aged ≥ 65 years (32.7%; 95%CI, 30.0-35.4). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity and AO in the Spanish population is high; it is higher in men, increases with age, and is inversely related to socioeconomic status. A lifestyle pattern combining a higher level of physical activity, moderate sedentariness and a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower probability of obesity, AO, and CVRF.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥ 3 years and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and their association with CVRF. METHODS: The sample was drawn from the ENPE study (n=6800). The study protocol included individual anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic factors, food intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity, lifestyles, and health problems. RESULTS: The estimated overall prevalence of obesity (22.0%; 95%CI, 21.0-23.0) and AO (64.7%; 95%CI, 63.5-65.8) was higher in men, in persons aged ≥ 65 years, and in those with a lower socioeconomic level or from southern regions. Lifestyle pattern was significantly associated with obesity and AO (P=.011), which were less likely in people with an active lifestyle pattern (P <.0001). Obesity (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.24-2.78) and AO (OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.1-4.24) were positively associated with CVRF. Clustering of CVRF with obesity and/or AO was higher in women (12.6%; 95%CI, 11.4-13.9) and in persons aged ≥ 65 years (32.7%; 95%CI, 30.0-35.4). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity and AO in the Spanish population is high; it is higher in men, increases with age, and is inversely related to socioeconomic status. A lifestyle pattern combining a higher level of physical activity, moderate sedentariness and a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower probability of obesity, AO, and CVRF.
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