Robert Schnoll1, E Paul Wileyto2, Anna-Marika Bauer3, Erica Fox4, Frank Leone5, Caryn Lerman6, Rachel F Tyndale7, Tony P George8, Larry Hawk9, Paul Cinciripini10, Mackenzie Quinn3, Janelle Purnell3, Jane Hatzell3, Brian Hitsman4. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 2. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. 5. Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 6. Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 8. Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 9. Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. 10. Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Persons with current or past major depressive disorder (MDD) vs those without have higher smoking rates. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) represents variation in the rate of nicotine metabolism and has been associated with smoking behaviors and response to tobacco treatments. We compared NMR between smokers with current or past MDD (MDD+) vs smokers without MDD (MDD-). We also assessed correlates of NMR and compared withdrawal and craving between MDD+ and MDD- smokers. METHODS: Using baseline data from two clinical trials and propensity score weighting based on sex, race, body mass index, and smoking rate, we compared NMR between MDD+ (N = 279) and MDD- (N = 1575) smokers. We also compared groups on and nicotine withdrawal and craving. RESULTS: Mean NMR (β = -.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.05 to 0.01, P = .13) and the distribution of smokers across NMR quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.16, P = .21) were similar between MDD+ and MDD- samples. This relationship was not affected by antidepressant medication. In the MDD+ sample, African Americans had significantly lower mean NMR, while older smokers and smokers with lower education had higher mean NMR (Ps < .05). MDD+ smokers had significantly higher withdrawal and craving than MDD- smokers (Ps < .05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: While variability in NMR may not explain differences in smoking rates between MDD+ and MDD- smokers, MDD+ smokers report increased withdrawal and craving. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: In this first study to assess NMR among MDD+ smokers, the findings underscore the need to address withdrawal and craving within smoking cessation treatments for those with MDD. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00-00).
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Persons with current or past major depressive disorder (MDD) vs those without have higher smoking rates. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) represents variation in the rate of nicotine metabolism and has been associated with smoking behaviors and response to tobacco treatments. We compared NMR between smokers with current or past MDD (MDD+) vs smokers without MDD (MDD-). We also assessed correlates of NMR and compared withdrawal and craving between MDD+ and MDD- smokers. METHODS: Using baseline data from two clinical trials and propensity score weighting based on sex, race, body mass index, and smoking rate, we compared NMR between MDD+ (N = 279) and MDD- (N = 1575) smokers. We also compared groups on and nicotine withdrawal and craving. RESULTS: Mean NMR (β = -.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.05 to 0.01, P = .13) and the distribution of smokers across NMR quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.16, P = .21) were similar between MDD+ and MDD- samples. This relationship was not affected by antidepressant medication. In the MDD+ sample, African Americans had significantly lower mean NMR, while older smokers and smokers with lower education had higher mean NMR (Ps < .05). MDD+ smokers had significantly higher withdrawal and craving than MDD- smokers (Ps < .05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: While variability in NMR may not explain differences in smoking rates between MDD+ and MDD- smokers, MDD+ smokers report increased withdrawal and craving. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: In this first study to assess NMR among MDD+ smokers, the findings underscore the need to address withdrawal and craving within smoking cessation treatments for those with MDD. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00-00).
Authors: Michael Lyons; Brian Hitsman; Hong Xian; Matthew S Panizzon; Beth A Jerskey; Susan Santangelo; Michael D Grant; Richard Rende; Seth Eisen; Lindon Eaves; Ming T Tsuang Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Markus C Elze; John Gregson; Usman Baber; Elizabeth Williamson; Samantha Sartori; Roxana Mehran; Melissa Nichols; Gregg W Stone; Stuart J Pocock Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2017-01-24 Impact factor: 24.094