Kathrin Boerner1, Kyungmin Kim2, Yijung K Kim3, Daniela S Jopp4,5. 1. Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Department of Child Development and Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Texas Aging & Longevity Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. 4. Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 5. Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Very old parents and their "old" children are a growing group in industrialized countries worldwide. Care needs of very old parents can be substantial, while children may also face their own age-related issues. Continued mutual support represents an important pathway to addressing emerging care needs. This study aimed to identify patterns of support exchanges occurring in very old parent-child dyads and to ascertain associated individual and relationship factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were 114 very old parents (aged ≥90) and their children (aged ≥65) from the Boston Aging Together Study. Data were collected using comprehensive, semistructured in-person interviews with both dyad members, including standardized assessments of support exchanges, relationship quality, health, and perceptions of family norms. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models were used to predict upward and downward support reported by children and parents. RESULTS: Both dyad members not only reported substantial upward support (child to parent) in all domains but also notable amounts of downward (parent to child) in the domains of emotional support, listening, and socializing. Findings showed significant associations of parent functional impairment, parent and child relationship quality, and child perceptions of family obligation with upward support and of relationship quality with downward support. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Continued support exchanges among very old parents and their children indicated that intergenerational theories still hold up in very late-life relationships. Health care professionals should be aware that attention to relationship quality and family norms might be vital to ensure that support needs are met.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Very old parents and their "old" children are a growing group in industrialized countries worldwide. Care needs of very old parents can be substantial, while children may also face their own age-related issues. Continued mutual support represents an important pathway to addressing emerging care needs. This study aimed to identify patterns of support exchanges occurring in very old parent-child dyads and to ascertain associated individual and relationship factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were 114 very old parents (aged ≥90) and their children (aged ≥65) from the Boston Aging Together Study. Data were collected using comprehensive, semistructured in-person interviews with both dyad members, including standardized assessments of support exchanges, relationship quality, health, and perceptions of family norms. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models were used to predict upward and downward support reported by children and parents. RESULTS: Both dyad members not only reported substantial upward support (child to parent) in all domains but also notable amounts of downward (parent to child) in the domains of emotional support, listening, and socializing. Findings showed significant associations of parent functional impairment, parent and child relationship quality, and child perceptions of family obligation with upward support and of relationship quality with downward support. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Continued support exchanges among very old parents and their children indicated that intergenerational theories still hold up in very late-life relationships. Health care professionals should be aware that attention to relationship quality and family norms might be vital to ensure that support needs are met.
Authors: Adam Davey; Elia E Femia; Steven H Zarit; Dennis G Shea; Gerdt Sundström; Stig Berg; Michael A Smyer; Jyoti Savla Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2005-09 Impact factor: 4.077