Birhan Tsegaw Taye1, Muhabaw Shumye Mihret2, Haymanot Alem Muche2. 1. Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Birhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia. 2. Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer remains one of the major public health challenges in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. There was a scarce of evidence regarding the effect of woman's socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index on the development of precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions among women visiting referral hospitals for cervical cancer screening in Amhara national regional state. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 22 December 2019 to 8 April 2020 among 200 women including 67 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) positive women (i.e., cases) and 133 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) negative women (i.e., controls). The study was conducted at randomly selected referral hospitals in Amhara national regional state. Data were collected mainly through face to face interview and chart review using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data were then entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables with p-value of < 0.2 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis. Level of significance was claimed based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) at p-value of ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: This study illustrates that the odds of being positive for precancerous cervical lesion (PCL) were higher among women who had body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26, 8.76), early coitarche (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 11.49, history of using oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.4), lifetime sexual transmitted infections (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 2.5, 12.28) and multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.29). On the other hand, participants' BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.75) and level of education of college and above (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.77) were identified to be protective factors of PCL. CONCLUSION: Most of the determinants of precancerous cervical lesions were modifiable and mainly related to women's socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and body mass index. Therefore, strengthening awareness on safe sexual practices and healthy life styles through information, education and communication (IEC), and behavioral change communication (BCC) would decrease the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions.
BACKGROUND:Cervical cancer remains one of the major public health challenges in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. There was a scarce of evidence regarding the effect of woman's socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index on the development of precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions among women visiting referral hospitals for cervical cancer screening in Amhara national regional state. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 22 December 2019 to 8 April 2020 among 200 women including 67 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) positive women (i.e., cases) and 133 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) negative women (i.e., controls). The study was conducted at randomly selected referral hospitals in Amhara national regional state. Data were collected mainly through face to face interview and chart review using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data were then entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables with p-value of < 0.2 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis. Level of significance was claimed based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) at p-value of ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: This study illustrates that the odds of being positive for precancerous cervical lesion (PCL) were higher among women who had body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26, 8.76), early coitarche (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 11.49, history of using oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.4), lifetime sexual transmitted infections (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 2.5, 12.28) and multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.29). On the other hand, participants' BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.75) and level of education of college and above (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.77) were identified to be protective factors of PCL. CONCLUSION: Most of the determinants of precancerous cervical lesions were modifiable and mainly related to women's socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and body mass index. Therefore, strengthening awareness on safe sexual practices and healthy life styles through information, education and communication (IEC), and behavioral change communication (BCC) would decrease the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions.
Authors: Freddie Bray; Jacques Ferlay; Isabelle Soerjomataram; Rebecca L Siegel; Lindsey A Torre; Ahmedin Jemal Journal: CA Cancer J Clin Date: 2018-09-12 Impact factor: 508.702
Authors: Jean d'Amour Sinayobye; Marc Sklar; Donald R Hoover; Qiuhu Shi; Jean Claude Dusingize; Mardge Cohen; Eugene Mutimura; Brenda Asiimwe-Kateera; Philip E Castle; Howard Strickler; Kathryn Anastos Journal: Infect Agent Cancer Date: 2014-12-08 Impact factor: 2.965