Abbas Al Mutair1, Saad Alhumaid2, Zainab Al Alawi3, Abdul Rehman Z Zaidi4, Ahmed J Alzahrani5, Jaffar Al-Tawfiq6, Haifa Al-Shammari7, Ali Rabaan8, Osamah Khojah9, Awad Al-Omari4. 1. Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Princess Nora University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Australia. Electronic address: abbas.almutair@almoosahospital.com.sa. 2. Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 4. Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 5. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 6. Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine and Infection Control Unit, Quality and Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 7. Department of Histopathology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 8. Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. 9. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory Services, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in a given healthcare setting is important to inform the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy to reduce the further rise and spread of AMR as well as the rate of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. We aimed to describe resistance patterns to several antimicrobial agents in pathogens causing HAIs isolated from patients using data gathered at three private tertiary-care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Data on trends in AMR among bacteria causing HAIs and MDR events in children and adults at three private hospitals were collected retrospectively (2015-2019) using surveillance data. RESULTS: Over the 5-year period, 29 393 pathogens caused 17 539 HAIs in 15 259 patients. Approximately 57.3% of patients were female and the mean age was 38.4 ± 16.8 years (81.4% adults, 18.6% children). Gram-negative pathogens were four times more likely to cause HAIs compared with Gram-positive bacteria (79.3% vs. 20.7%). Ranking of causative pathogens in decreasing order was Escherichia coli (42.2%), Klebsiella spp. (16.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.9%). Acinetobacter spp. were the only pathogens to decrease significantly (7% reduction; P = 0.033). The most common resistant pathogens were extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (37.1%), extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella (27.8%), carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (19.5%), carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.2%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (18.6%). CONCLUSION: National collaboration is required by prompt feedback to local authorities to tackle regional differences in AMR. This can help plan timely containment interventions to stop and contain microbial threats and swiftly assess their impact.
OBJECTIVES: Awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in a given healthcare setting is important to inform the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy to reduce the further rise and spread of AMR as well as the rate of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. We aimed to describe resistance patterns to several antimicrobial agents in pathogens causing HAIs isolated from patients using data gathered at three private tertiary-care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Data on trends in AMR among bacteria causing HAIs and MDR events in children and adults at three private hospitals were collected retrospectively (2015-2019) using surveillance data. RESULTS: Over the 5-year period, 29 393 pathogens caused 17 539 HAIs in 15 259 patients. Approximately 57.3% of patients were female and the mean age was 38.4 ± 16.8 years (81.4% adults, 18.6% children). Gram-negative pathogens were four times more likely to cause HAIs compared with Gram-positive bacteria (79.3% vs. 20.7%). Ranking of causative pathogens in decreasing order was Escherichia coli (42.2%), Klebsiella spp. (16.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.9%). Acinetobacter spp. were the only pathogens to decrease significantly (7% reduction; P = 0.033). The most common resistant pathogens were extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (37.1%), extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella (27.8%), carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (19.5%), carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.2%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (18.6%). CONCLUSION: National collaboration is required by prompt feedback to local authorities to tackle regional differences in AMR. This can help plan timely containment interventions to stop and contain microbial threats and swiftly assess their impact.
Authors: Saad Alhumaid; Abbas Al Mutair; Zainab Al Alawi; Murtadha Alsuliman; Gasmelseed Y Ahmed; Ali A Rabaan; Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq; Awad Al-Omari Journal: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control Date: 2021-06-03 Impact factor: 4.887