Samia C Akhter-Khan1, Qiushan Tao2,3, Ting Fang Alvin Ang4,5,6, Indira Swetha Itchapurapu3, Michael L Alosco7,8, Jesse Mez2,7,8, Ryan J Piers2, David C Steffens9, Rhoda Au2,4,5,6,7,8, Wei Qiao Qiu2,3,8,10. 1. Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 2. Framingham Heart Study. 3. Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics. 4. Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 6. Slone Epidemiology Center. 7. Department of Neurology. 8. Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 9. Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA. 10. Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between persistent loneliness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined the relationship between different types of mid-life loneliness and the development of dementia and AD. METHODS: Loneliness was assessed in cognitively normal adults using one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We defined loneliness as no loneliness, transient loneliness, incident loneliness,or persistent loneliness, and applied Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier plots with dementia and AD as outcomes (n = 2880). RESULTS: After adjusting for demographics, social network, physical health, and apolipoprotein E ε4, persistent loneliness was associated with higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.90; P < .01), and transient loneliness with lower (HR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.14-0.84; P < .05), risk of dementia onset, compared to no loneliness. Results were similar for AD risk. DISCUSSION: Persistent loneliness in mid-life is an independent risk factor for dementia and AD, whereas recovery from loneliness suggests resilience to dementia risk.
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between persistent loneliness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined the relationship between different types of mid-life loneliness and the development of dementia and AD. METHODS: Loneliness was assessed in cognitively normal adults using one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We defined loneliness as no loneliness, transient loneliness, incident loneliness,or persistent loneliness, and applied Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier plots with dementia and AD as outcomes (n = 2880). RESULTS: After adjusting for demographics, social network, physical health, and apolipoprotein E ε4, persistent loneliness was associated with higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.90; P < .01), and transient loneliness with lower (HR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.14-0.84; P < .05), risk of dementia onset, compared to no loneliness. Results were similar for AD risk. DISCUSSION: Persistent loneliness in mid-life is an independent risk factor for dementia and AD, whereas recovery from loneliness suggests resilience to dementia risk.
Authors: Claudia L Satizabal; Alexa S Beiser; Vincent Chouraki; Geneviève Chêne; Carole Dufouil; Sudha Seshadri Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2016-02-11 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Joel Salinas; Alexa S Beiser; Jasmeet K Samra; Adrienne O'Donnell; Charles S DeCarli; Mitzi M Gonzales; Hugo J Aparicio; Sudha Seshadri Journal: Neurology Date: 2022-02-07 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Qiushan Tao; Samia C Akhter-Khan; Ting Fang Alvin Ang; Charles DeCarli; Michael L Alosco; Jesse Mez; Ronald Killiany; Sherral Devine; Ami Rokach; Indira Swetha Itchapurapu; Xiaoling Zhang; Kathryn L Lunetta; David C Steffens; Lindsay A Farrer; Douglas N Greve; Rhoda Au; Wei Qiao Qiu Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2022-09-06