Zia UlHaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Maria Ishaq Khattak2, Sheraz Fazid3, Naeem Ullah4, Akhtar Shireen5, Naeem Ulhaq6, Asif Izhar7, Umer Farooq8, Nizam Muhammad Darwesh9, Muhammad Asim10, MianGul Ali Gohar11, Amber Ashraf12, Saad Ishaq Khattak13, Saadia Ashraf12, Shahzad Akbar14, Muhammad Fawad15, Muhammad Ismail Khan16, Amir Amanullah15, Muhammad Siddiq17, Azizul Hasan Amir14. 1. Khyber Medical University, Peshawar & Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK. 2. Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. 3. Infection Control Department, Arar Central Hospital, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 4. Saidu Medical College, Swat, Pakistan. 5. Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. 6. MTI Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan. 7. Police Services Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. 8. MTI Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, Pakistan. 9. MTI Noweshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan. 10. Northwest General Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. 11. Saidu Medical College, Swat. 12. MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. 13. Sardar Begum Dental College, Ghandara University, Pakistan. 14. MTI Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan. 15. MTI Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. 16. MTI Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistana. 17. Health Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 have been reported. The present study aims to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in Pakistan with highest COVID-19 associated case fatality rate. METHODS: This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who died or discharged alive until 1st May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were obtained from hospital records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Statistical tests were applied to determine the risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. RESULTS: Of the total 179 patients from the 10 designated hospitals, 127 (70.9%) were discharged alive while 52 (29.1%) died in the hospital. Overall, 109 (60.9%) patients had an underlying comorbidity with hypertension being the commonest. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed significantly higher odds of in-hospital death from COVID-19 in patients with multiple morbidities (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1, 9.1, p-value=0.03), length of hospital stay (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7, 0.9, p-value <0.001), those presenting with dyspnoea (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1, 14.0, p-value=0.03) and oxygen saturation below 90 (OR 9.6, 95% CI: 3.1, 29.2, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Comorbidity, oxygen saturation and dyspnoea on arrival and length of stay in hospital (late admission) are associated with COVID-19 mortality. The demographic, clinical and lab characteristics could potentially help clinician and policy makers before potential second wave in the country.
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 have been reported. The present study aims to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in Pakistan with highest COVID-19 associated case fatality rate. METHODS: This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who died or discharged alive until 1st May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were obtained from hospital records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Statistical tests were applied to determine the risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. RESULTS: Of the total 179 patients from the 10 designated hospitals, 127 (70.9%) were discharged alive while 52 (29.1%) died in the hospital. Overall, 109 (60.9%) patients had an underlying comorbidity with hypertension being the commonest. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed significantly higher odds of in-hospital death from COVID-19 in patients with multiple morbidities (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1, 9.1, p-value=0.03), length of hospital stay (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7, 0.9, p-value <0.001), those presenting with dyspnoea (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1, 14.0, p-value=0.03) and oxygen saturation below 90 (OR 9.6, 95% CI: 3.1, 29.2, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Comorbidity, oxygen saturation and dyspnoea on arrival and length of stay in hospital (late admission) are associated with COVID-19 mortality. The demographic, clinical and lab characteristics could potentially help clinician and policy makers before potential second wave in the country.
Authors: Muhammad Nisar Khan; Haleema Khan; Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Ibrahim; Muhammad Arif; Zeeshan Kibria; Usman Waheed; Noore Saba; Inayat Shah; Yasar Mehmood Yousafzai Journal: Am J Blood Res Date: 2022-06-20
Authors: Qianqian Song; Naseem Asghar; Ata Ullah; Baosheng Liang; Mengping Long; Taobo Hu; Xiaohua Zhou Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-13 Impact factor: 4.614