Hye-Ran Jun1, Hyunah Kim2, Seung-Hwan Lee3,4, Jae Hyoung Cho3, Hyunyong Lee5, Hyeon Woo Yim6, Kun-Ho Yoon3,4, Hun-Sung Kim3,4. 1. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5. Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea. 6. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In spite of the established importance of detecting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker- (ARB-) induced hyperkalemia, there have not been many studies on the time of its occurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records to determine the onset time and incidence rate of hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.5 mEq/L or 6.0 mEq/L) among hospitalized patients newly started on a 15-day ACEI or ARB therapy. RESULTS: Among 3101 hospitalized patients, hyperkalemia incidence was 0.5%-0.9% and 0.8%-2.1% in the ACEI and ARB groups, respectively. However, it was not significantly different among different ARB types. Hyperkalemia's onset was distributed throughout 15 days, without any trend. Hyperkalemia incidence was 7.3 and 35.1 times higher at 5.5 mEq/L (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.31, 95%confidence interval (CI) = 4.19-12.76, p < 0.001) and 6.0 mEq/L (HR = 35.11, 95%CI = 8.25-149.52, p < 0.001), respectively, than the baseline creatinine level. Hyperkalemia incidence in patients with chronic renal failure was 5.7 and 9.2 times higher at 5.5 mEq/L (HR = 5.72, 95%CI = 3.24-10.12, p < 0.001) and 6.0 mEq/L (HR = 9.16, 95%CI = 4.02-20.88, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that it is necessary to monitor hyperkalemia immediately after administration of ACEI or ARB. However, when prescribed for patients with abnormal kidney function, clinicians should always consider the possibility of developing hyperkalemia.
INTRODUCTION: In spite of the established importance of detecting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker- (ARB-) induced hyperkalemia, there have not been many studies on the time of its occurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records to determine the onset time and incidence rate of hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.5 mEq/L or 6.0 mEq/L) among hospitalized patients newly started on a 15-day ACEI or ARB therapy. RESULTS: Among 3101 hospitalized patients, hyperkalemia incidence was 0.5%-0.9% and 0.8%-2.1% in the ACEI and ARB groups, respectively. However, it was not significantly different among different ARB types. Hyperkalemia's onset was distributed throughout 15 days, without any trend. Hyperkalemia incidence was 7.3 and 35.1 times higher at 5.5 mEq/L (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.31, 95%confidence interval (CI) = 4.19-12.76, p < 0.001) and 6.0 mEq/L (HR = 35.11, 95%CI = 8.25-149.52, p < 0.001), respectively, than the baseline creatinine level. Hyperkalemia incidence in patients with chronic renal failure was 5.7 and 9.2 times higher at 5.5 mEq/L (HR = 5.72, 95%CI = 3.24-10.12, p < 0.001) and 6.0 mEq/L (HR = 9.16, 95%CI = 4.02-20.88, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that it is necessary to monitor hyperkalemia immediately after administration of ACEI or ARB. However, when prescribed for patients with abnormal kidney function, clinicians should always consider the possibility of developing hyperkalemia.
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