Federico Raimondi1,2, Luca Novelli1, Arianna Ghirardi3, Filippo Maria Russo2,4, Dario Pellegrini5, Roberta Biza1,2, Roberta Trapasso1,2, Lisa Giuliani1,2, Marisa Anelli1,2, Mariangela Amoroso1,2, Chiara Allegri1,2, Gianluca Imeri1, Claudia Sanfilippo1, Sofia Comandini1, England Hila2,4, Leonardo Manesso2,4, Lucia Gandini2,4, Pietro Mandelli2,4, Martina Monti2,4, Mauro Gori5, Michele Senni5, Ferdinando Luca Lorini4, Marco Rizzi6, Tiziano Barbui3, Laura Paris7, Alessandro Rambaldi2,7, Roberto Cosentini8, Giulio Guagliumi5, Simonetta Cesa9, Michele Colledan10, Maria Sessa11, Arianna Masciulli3, Antonello Gavazzi3, Sabrina Buoro12, Giuseppe Remuzzi13, Piero Ruggenenti14, Annapaola Callegaro15, Andrea Gianatti16, Claudio Farina15, Antonio Bellasi17, Sandro Sironi18,19, Stefano Fagiuoli20, Fabiano Di Marco21,22. 1. Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Medicine Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS, 1, 24127, Bergamo, Italy. 2. Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 3. FROM Research Foundation, Bergamo, Italy. 4. Intensive Care Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 5. Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 6. Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 7. Department of Oncology and Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 8. Emergency Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 9. Department of Organ Failure and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 10. Department of Health and Social Care Professions, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 11. Neurology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 12. Quality Management, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 13. Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Anna Maria Astori Centre, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy. 14. Nephrology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 15. Microbiology and Virology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 16. Pathology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 17. Department of Research, Innovation, Brand Reputation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 18. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 19. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 20. Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 21. Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Medicine Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS, 1, 24127, Bergamo, Italy. fabiano.dimarco@unimi.it. 22. Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. fabiano.dimarco@unimi.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gender-related factors might affect vulnerability to Covid-19. The aim of this study was to describe the role of gender on clinical features and 28-day mortality in Covid-19 patients. METHODS: Observational study of Covid-19 patients hospitalized in Bergamo, Italy, during the first three weeks of the outbreak. Medical records, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings upon admission and treatment have been collected. Primary outcome was 28-day mortality since hospitalization. RESULTS: 431 consecutive adult patients were admitted. Female patients were 119 (27.6%) with a mean age of 67.0 ± 14.5 years (vs 67.8 ± 12.5 for males, p = 0.54). Previous history of myocardial infarction, vasculopathy and former smoking habits were more common for males. At the time of admission PaO2/FiO2 was similar between men and women (228 [IQR, 134-273] vs 238 mmHg [150-281], p = 0.28). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) assistance was needed in the first 24 h more frequently in male patients (25.7% vs 13.0%; p = 0.006). Overall 28-day mortality was 26.1% in women and 38.1% in men (p = 0.018). Gender did not result an independent predictor of death once the parameters related to disease severity at presentation were included in the multivariable analysis (p = 0.898). Accordingly, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in female and male patients requiring CPAP or non-invasive ventilation in the first 24 h did not find a significant difference (p = 0.687). CONCLUSION: Hospitalized women are less likely to die from Covid-19; however, once severe disease occurs, the risk of dying is similar to men. Further studies are needed to better investigate the role of gender in clinical course and outcome of Covid-19.
BACKGROUND: Gender-related factors might affect vulnerability to Covid-19. The aim of this study was to describe the role of gender on clinical features and 28-day mortality in Covid-19patients. METHODS: Observational study of Covid-19patients hospitalized in Bergamo, Italy, during the first three weeks of the outbreak. Medical records, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings upon admission and treatment have been collected. Primary outcome was 28-day mortality since hospitalization. RESULTS: 431 consecutive adult patients were admitted. Female patients were 119 (27.6%) with a mean age of 67.0 ± 14.5 years (vs 67.8 ± 12.5 for males, p = 0.54). Previous history of myocardial infarction, vasculopathy and former smoking habits were more common for males. At the time of admission PaO2/FiO2 was similar between men and women (228 [IQR, 134-273] vs 238 mmHg [150-281], p = 0.28). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) assistance was needed in the first 24 h more frequently in male patients (25.7% vs 13.0%; p = 0.006). Overall 28-day mortality was 26.1% in women and 38.1% in men (p = 0.018). Gender did not result an independent predictor of death once the parameters related to disease severity at presentation were included in the multivariable analysis (p = 0.898). Accordingly, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in female and male patients requiring CPAP or non-invasive ventilation in the first 24 h did not find a significant difference (p = 0.687). CONCLUSION: Hospitalized women are less likely to die from Covid-19; however, once severe disease occurs, the risk of dying is similar to men. Further studies are needed to better investigate the role of gender in clinical course and outcome of Covid-19.
Authors: Rudragouda Channappanavar; Craig Fett; Matthias Mack; Patrick P Ten Eyck; David K Meyerholz; Stanley Perlman Journal: J Immunol Date: 2017-04-03 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Mohammed Al-Jarallah; Rajesh Rajan; Raja Dashti; Ahmad Al Saber; Peter A Brady; Hassan Abdelnaby; Moudhi Alroomi; Wael Aboelhassan; Mohammed Abdullah; Noor AlNasrallah; Bader Al-Bader; Haya Malhas; Maryam Ramadhan; Naser Alotaibi; Mohammad Al Saleh; Farah Almutairi; Kobalava D Zhanna Journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) Date: 2022-06-20
Authors: Felipe André Zeiser; Bruna Donida; Cristiano André da Costa; Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos; Juliana Nichterwitz Scherer; Nêmora Tregnago Barcellos; Ana Paula Alegretti; Maria Letícia Rodrigues Ikeda; Ana Paula Wernz C Müller; Henrique C Bohn; Ismael Santos; Luiza Boni; Rodolfo Stoffel Antunes; Rodrigo da Rosa Righi; Sandro José Rigo Journal: Lancet Reg Health Am Date: 2021-11-01