Hyun Ju Yoo1, Dong-Cheol Woo2,3, Jeong Kon Kim4, Ho-Jin Kim5, Su Jung Kim6, Chul-Woong Woo7, Sang-Tae Kim7, Minju Im8, Sun Kyu Park8, Jeom-Yong Kim8. 1. Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. yoohyunju@amc.seoul.kr. 2. Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dcwoo@amc.seoul.kr. 3. MR Core Laboratory, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence and Technology,, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dcwoo@amc.seoul.kr. 4. Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kim.jeongkon@gmail.com. 5. Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6. Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 7. MR Core Laboratory, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence and Technology,, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 8. GREEN CROSS Wellbeing Co., Ltd, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy is a major etiology of cachexia. Ginseng products are known to have various anti-cachectic and health-promoting effects, such as inhibiting inflammation and promoting energy production. In particular, BST204, purified ginseng dry extract, contains multiple ginsenosides that can reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue and toxicity. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of BST204 on the alleviation of chemotherapy-induced cachexia using a multimodal approach. METHODS: In a CT26 mouse syngeneic colon cancer model, cachexia was predominantly induced by chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) than by tumor growth. BST204 at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg was administered to 5-FU-treated mice. RESULTS: BST204 significantly mitigated the decrease in tumor-excluded body weight (change in 5-FU group and BST204 groups: - 13% vs. - 6% on day 7; - 30% vs. - 20% on day 11), muscle volume (- 19% vs. - 11%), and fat volume (- 91% vs. - 56%). The anti-cachectic effect of BST204 was histologically demonstrated by an improved balance between muscle regeneration and degeneration and a decrease in muscle cross-sectional area reduction. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy-induced cachexia was biochemically and metabolically characterized by activated inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress, increased protein degradation, decreased protein stabilization, reduced glucose-mediated energy production, and deactivated glucose-mediated biosynthesis. These adverse effects were significantly improved by BST204 treatment. Overall, our multimodal study demonstrated that BST204 could effectively alleviate chemotherapy-induced cachexia.
INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy is a major etiology of cachexia. Ginseng products are known to have various anti-cachectic and health-promoting effects, such as inhibiting inflammation and promoting energy production. In particular, BST204, purified ginseng dry extract, contains multiple ginsenosides that can reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue and toxicity. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of BST204 on the alleviation of chemotherapy-induced cachexia using a multimodal approach. METHODS: In a CT26mouse syngeneic colon cancer model, cachexia was predominantly induced by chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) than by tumor growth. BST204 at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg was administered to 5-FU-treated mice. RESULTS: BST204 significantly mitigated the decrease in tumor-excluded body weight (change in 5-FU group and BST204 groups: - 13% vs. - 6% on day 7; - 30% vs. - 20% on day 11), muscle volume (- 19% vs. - 11%), and fat volume (- 91% vs. - 56%). The anti-cachectic effect of BST204 was histologically demonstrated by an improved balance between muscle regeneration and degeneration and a decrease in muscle cross-sectional area reduction. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy-induced cachexia was biochemically and metabolically characterized by activated inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress, increased protein degradation, decreased protein stabilization, reduced glucose-mediated energy production, and deactivated glucose-mediated biosynthesis. These adverse effects were significantly improved by BST204 treatment. Overall, our multimodal study demonstrated that BST204 could effectively alleviate chemotherapy-induced cachexia.
Entities:
Keywords:
BST204; Chemotherapy-induced cachexia; Multimodal study
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