BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An individual's risk of breast cancer is profoundly affected by evolutionary mismatch. Mismatches in Western society known to increase the risk of breast cancer include a sedentary lifestyle and reproductive factors. Biota alteration, characterized by a loss of biodiversity from the ecosystem of the human body as a result of Western society, is a mismatch known to increase the risk of a variety of inflammation-related diseases, including colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the effect of biota alteration on breast cancer has not been evaluated. METHODOLOGY: In this study, we utilized the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of breast cancer to evaluate the role of biota alteration in the development of breast cancer. This model has been used to recapitulate the role of exercise and pregnancy in reducing the risk of breast cancer. C3(1)-TAg mice were treated with Hymenolepis diminuta, a benign helminth that has been shown to reverse the effects of biota alteration in animal models. RESULTS: No effect of the helminth H. diminuta was observed. Neither the latency nor tumor growth was affected by the therapy, and no significant effects on tumor transcriptome were observed based on RNAseq analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that biota alteration, although known to affect a variety of Western-associated diseases, might not be a significant factor in the high rate of breast cancer observed in Western societies. LAY SUMMARY: An almost complete loss of intestinal worms in high-income countries has led to increases in allergic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and perhaps colon cancer. However, in this study, results using laboratory mice suggest that loss of intestinal worms might not be associated with breast cancer.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An individual's risk of breast cancer is profoundly affected by evolutionary mismatch. Mismatches in Western society known to increase the risk of breast cancer include a sedentary lifestyle and reproductive factors. Biota alteration, characterized by a loss of biodiversity from the ecosystem of the human body as a result of Western society, is a mismatch known to increase the risk of a variety of inflammation-related diseases, including colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the effect of biota alteration on breast cancer has not been evaluated. METHODOLOGY: In this study, we utilized the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of breast cancer to evaluate the role of biota alteration in the development of breast cancer. This model has been used to recapitulate the role of exercise and pregnancy in reducing the risk of breast cancer. C3(1)-TAg mice were treated with Hymenolepis diminuta, a benign helminth that has been shown to reverse the effects of biota alteration in animal models. RESULTS: No effect of the helminth H. diminuta was observed. Neither the latency nor tumor growth was affected by the therapy, and no significant effects on tumor transcriptome were observed based on RNAseq analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that biota alteration, although known to affect a variety of Western-associated diseases, might not be a significant factor in the high rate of breast cancer observed in Western societies. LAY SUMMARY: An almost complete loss of intestinal worms in high-income countries has led to increases in allergic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and perhaps colon cancer. However, in this study, results using laboratory mice suggest that loss of intestinal worms might not be associated with breast cancer.
Authors: Mark P Mattson; David B Allison; Luigi Fontana; Michelle Harvie; Valter D Longo; Willy J Malaisse; Michael Mosley; Lucia Notterpek; Eric Ravussin; Frank A J L Scheer; Thomas N Seyfried; Krista A Varady; Satchidananda Panda Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2014-11-17 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Xuhui Bao; Timothy J Robinson; Mohit Kumar Jolly; Myron K Evans; Michael C Brown; Joseph Geradts; Peter B Vermeulen; Gregory M Palmer; Matthias Gromeier; Herbert Levine; Michael A Morse; Steven J Van Laere; Gayathri R Devi Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2018-01-19 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Catherine Schairer; Yan Li; Peter Frawley; Barry I Graubard; Robert D Wellman; Diana S M Buist; Karla Kerlikowske; Tracy L Onega; William F Anderson; Diana L Miglioretti Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2013-09-18 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: Maryam S Farvid; Mariana C Stern; Teresa Norat; Shizuka Sasazuki; Paolo Vineis; Matty P Weijenberg; Alicja Wolk; Kana Wu; Bernard W Stewart; Eunyoung Cho Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2018-10-03 Impact factor: 7.396