Mohammad Abufaraj1, Abdelmuez Siyam2, Tianlin Xu3, Kellie Imm4, Chao Cao5, Thomas Waldoer6, Eva Schernhammer7, Shahrokh F Shariat8, Lin Yang9. 1. Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. 2. Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. 3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 5. Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 8. Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. 9. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: Lin.Yang@albertahealthservices.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association between total and truncal body fat and kidney stone (KS) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between total and truncal body fat and KS in the US adult population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) comprises a series of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Data from females and males aged 20-59 yr who participated in four 2-yr NHANES cycles between 2011 and 2018 were obtained. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan-measured total and truncal body fat percentage and mass with KS. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 10 271 participants (50.3% females) were included. Weighted KS prevalence was 8.11% in femalesand 7.55% in males. In males, higher fat percentage was associated with higher odds of KS (per 5% total fat: odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.32; per 5% truncal fat: OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35), particularly in those aged 40-59 yr (per 5% total fat: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16-1.59; per 5% truncal fat: OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.65, p-interaction < 0.05). In females, higher fat percentage was associated with higher odds of KS overall (per 5% total fat: OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.37; per 5% truncal fat: OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.33) and in both age groups (20-39 and 40-59 yr, p-interaction > 0.05). The observed associations were stronger in "other" ethnicities and non-Hispanic white. Similar patterns were observed for per 5 kg body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: Total and truncal fat parameters are associated with a higher prevalence of KS in adult females and males who are ≥40 yr old. Truncal fat mass may be at least equal or superior to total fat mass in assessing the association of body fat with KS. Further studies are warranted to elaborate on the pathophysiologic mechanism of this association to decrease the prevalence of KS. PATIENT SUMMARY: Total and truncal body fat are associated with a higher prevalence of kidney stone (KS) in adult females and males aged ≥40 yr. Truncal fat mass may be similar or superior to total fat mass in assessing the association between body fat and KS.
BACKGROUND: The association between total and truncal body fat and kidney stone (KS) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between total and truncal body fat and KS in the US adult population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) comprises a series of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Data from females and males aged 20-59 yr who participated in four 2-yr NHANES cycles between 2011 and 2018 were obtained. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan-measured total and truncal body fat percentage and mass with KS. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 10 271 participants (50.3% females) were included. Weighted KS prevalence was 8.11% in femalesand 7.55% in males. In males, higher fat percentage was associated with higher odds of KS (per 5% total fat: odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.32; per 5% truncal fat: OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35), particularly in those aged 40-59 yr (per 5% total fat: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16-1.59; per 5% truncal fat: OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.65, p-interaction < 0.05). In females, higher fat percentage was associated with higher odds of KS overall (per 5% total fat: OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.37; per 5% truncal fat: OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.33) and in both age groups (20-39 and 40-59 yr, p-interaction > 0.05). The observed associations were stronger in "other" ethnicities and non-Hispanic white. Similar patterns were observed for per 5 kg body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: Total and truncal fat parameters are associated with a higher prevalence of KS in adult females and males who are ≥40 yr old. Truncal fat mass may be at least equal or superior to total fat mass in assessing the association of body fat with KS. Further studies are warranted to elaborate on the pathophysiologic mechanism of this association to decrease the prevalence of KS. PATIENT SUMMARY: Total and truncal body fat are associated with a higher prevalence of kidney stone (KS) in adult females and males aged ≥40 yr. Truncal fat mass may be similar or superior to total fat mass in assessing the association between body fat and KS.
Authors: Roman Herout; Martin Baunacke; Christer Groeben; Cem Aksoy; Björn Volkmer; Marcel Schmidt; Nicole Eisenmenger; Rainer Koch; Sven Oehlschläger; Christian Thomas; Johannes Huber Journal: World J Urol Date: 2021-08-28 Impact factor: 4.226