Laura A Montiel-Cervantes1,2, Gabriela Medina1, Maria Pilar Cruz-Domínguez3, Sonia-Mayra Pérez-Tapia4,5,6, Maria C Jiménez-Martínez7, Hugo-Iván Arrieta-Oliva4,6, Gregorio Carballo-Uicab4,6, Laura López-Pelcastre8, Rosa Camacho-Sandoval4,6. 1. Translational Reseach Unit. Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico. 2. Morphology Department. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico. 3. Research Division, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional La Raza" Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret", IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico. 4. Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico. 5. Immunology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto PolitécnicoNacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico. 6. Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, México. 7. BiochemestryDepartament, Facultad de Medicina UNAM/Departamento de Inmunología.Unidad Periférica "Conde de Valenciana"-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico. 8. Central Laboratory. Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immune cell counts in blood in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be useful prognostic biomarkers of disease severity, mortality, and response to treatment. OBJECTIVES: To analyze sub-populations of lymphocytes at hospital admission in survivors and deceased from severe pneumonia due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 in convalescents (control group) and healthy controls (HC) diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Serum samples were taken at hospital admission and after recovery. Serum samples ≥ 25 days after onset of symptoms were analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations through flow cytometry. Descriptive statistics, Kruskall-Wallis test, receiver operating characteristic curve, calculation of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed. RESULTS: We included 337 patients: 120 HC, 127 convalescents, and 90 severe COVID-19 disease patients (50 survivors, 40 deceased). For T cells, total lymphocytes ≥ 800/μL, CD3+ ≥ 400/μL, CD4+ ≥ 180/μL, CD8+ ≥ 150/μL, B cells CD19+ ≥ 80/μL, and NK ≥ 34/μL subsets were associated with survival in severe COVID-19 disease patients. All subtypes of lymphocytes had higher concentrations in survivors than deceased, but similar between HC and convalescents. Leukocytes ≥ 10.150/μL or neutrophils ≥ 10,000/μL were associated with increased mortality. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 8.5 increased the probability of death in severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 11.68). CONCLUSIONS: Total lymphocytes; NLR; and levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells are useful as biomarkers of survival or mortality in severe COVID-19 disease and commonly reach normal levels in convalescents.
BACKGROUND: Immune cell counts in blood in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be useful prognostic biomarkers of disease severity, mortality, and response to treatment. OBJECTIVES: To analyze sub-populations of lymphocytes at hospital admission in survivors and deceased from severe pneumonia due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 in convalescents (control group) and healthy controls (HC) diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Serum samples were taken at hospital admission and after recovery. Serum samples ≥ 25 days after onset of symptoms were analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations through flow cytometry. Descriptive statistics, Kruskall-Wallis test, receiver operating characteristic curve, calculation of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed. RESULTS: We included 337 patients: 120 HC, 127 convalescents, and 90 severe COVID-19 disease patients (50 survivors, 40 deceased). For T cells, total lymphocytes ≥ 800/μL, CD3+ ≥ 400/μL, CD4+ ≥ 180/μL, CD8+ ≥ 150/μL, B cells CD19+ ≥ 80/μL, and NK ≥ 34/μL subsets were associated with survival in severe COVID-19 disease patients. All subtypes of lymphocytes had higher concentrations in survivors than deceased, but similar between HC and convalescents. Leukocytes ≥ 10.150/μL or neutrophils ≥ 10,000/μL were associated with increased mortality. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 8.5 increased the probability of death in severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 11.68). CONCLUSIONS: Total lymphocytes; NLR; and levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells are useful as biomarkers of survival or mortality in severe COVID-19 disease and commonly reach normal levels in convalescents.
Authors: Reham Hammad; Hend G Kotb; Gehan Abdel-Rahman Eldesoky; Alshaimaa Mohamed Mosaad; Asmaa M El-Nasser; Fatma El-Zahraa Abd El Hakam; Noha Abdel-Rahman Eldesoky; Alya Mashaal; Hesham Farhoud Journal: Int J Gen Med Date: 2022-05-19