Pianpian Fan1, Qin Wang1, Jing Li1, Chunyan Lu1, Yong Xu2, Hongyi Cao3, Xiaohua Xie4, Xueyan Wu5, Yanhong Guo6, Ting Liu7, Yan Chen8, Shen Xu1, Yuanyuan Huang1, Qi Zhang1, Decai Chen1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 2. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China. 3. Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China. 4. Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang, China. 5. Department of Endocrinology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China. 6. Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan autonomous Region, Chengdu, China. 7. Department of Endocrinology, Liangxiang Hospital, Beijing, China. 8. Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China.
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and mineral metabolism. Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the primary determinant for vitamin D synthesis. However, population-based data of vitamin D status was sparse in areas with sunlight deprivation in China. This study aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels among adult women in Sichuan basin with the lowest sunlight radiation in China, and the associations with sunlight exposure and age. Methods: In the context of the same ethnicity, similar latitude and lifestyle in sunlight-limited basin and sunlight-abundant plateau, 1,057 women in basin and 337 in plateau aged 29-95 years were included in this study, from November 2012 to February 2013. Daily sunlight exposure duration of previous month was obtained using questionnaires. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency [25(OH)D <30 nmol/L] and deficiency [30 ≤ 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] was significantly higher in basin than plateau (21.85% vs. 10.09%, and 59.32% vs. 40.36%; P<0.0001). Women from basin exhibited lower serum 25(OH)D levels than those from plateau (40.66 ± 15.62 vs. 52.54 ± 19.94 nmol/L, P<0.0001). In basin, women more than 50 years old had higher 25(OH)D than younger counterparts, and 25(OH)D level of these groups was not associated with sunlight exposure duration. While in plateau, women younger than 60 years old had higher 25(OH)D than the older women. Furthermore, for those younger groups, women with long sunlight exposure (≥3 h daily) had higher 25(OH)D concentration than those with short sunlight exposure (<3 h daily). Serum PTH was negatively associated with 25(OH)D in basin, but not in plateau. Conclusions: Alarmingly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in women in sunlight-deprived basin in Sichuan. Only the vitamin D status of younger women from plateau with adequate solar radiation could benefit from sunlight exposure. Vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D-fortified food should be encouraged to improve vitamin D status for women living in sunlight-limited areas, or with old age.
Objective: Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and mineral metabolism. Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the primary determinant for vitamin D synthesis. However, population-based data of vitamin D status was sparse in areas with sunlight deprivation in China. This study aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels among adult women in Sichuan basin with the lowest sunlight radiation in China, and the associations with sunlight exposure and age. Methods: In the context of the same ethnicity, similar latitude and lifestyle in sunlight-limited basin and sunlight-abundant plateau, 1,057 women in basin and 337 in plateau aged 29-95 years were included in this study, from November 2012 to February 2013. Daily sunlight exposure duration of previous month was obtained using questionnaires. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency [25(OH)D <30 nmol/L] and deficiency [30 ≤ 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] was significantly higher in basin than plateau (21.85% vs. 10.09%, and 59.32% vs. 40.36%; P<0.0001). Women from basin exhibited lower serum 25(OH)D levels than those from plateau (40.66 ± 15.62 vs. 52.54 ± 19.94 nmol/L, P<0.0001). In basin, women more than 50 years old had higher 25(OH)D than younger counterparts, and 25(OH)D level of these groups was not associated with sunlight exposure duration. While in plateau, women younger than 60 years old had higher 25(OH)D than the older women. Furthermore, for those younger groups, women with long sunlight exposure (≥3 h daily) had higher 25(OH)D concentration than those with short sunlight exposure (<3 h daily). Serum PTH was negatively associated with 25(OH)D in basin, but not in plateau. Conclusions: Alarmingly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in women in sunlight-deprived basin in Sichuan. Only the vitamin D status of younger women from plateau with adequate solar radiation could benefit from sunlight exposure. Vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D-fortified food should be encouraged to improve vitamin D status for women living in sunlight-limited areas, or with old age.
Authors: K Nakamura; K Kitamura; R Takachi; T Saito; R Kobayashi; R Oshiki; Y Watanabe; S Tsugane; A Sasaki; O Yamazaki Journal: Bone Date: 2015-01-07 Impact factor: 4.398
Authors: J C Souberbielle; C Cormier; C Kindermans; P Gao; T Cantor; F Forette; E E Baulieu Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2001-07 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Martina Rabenberg; Christa Scheidt-Nave; Markus A Busch; Nina Rieckmann; Birte Hintzpeter; Gert B M Mensink Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2015-07-11 Impact factor: 3.295