Georgios Kokolakis1,2,3, Robert Sabat4,5, Sabine Krüger-Krasagakis6, Jürgen Eberle7,8. 1. Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Georgios.kokolakis@charite.de. 2. Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Georgios.kokolakis@charite.de. 3. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Georgios.kokolakis@charite.de. 4. Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 5. Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 6. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. 7. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 8. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may paradoxically induce either apoptosis or cell survival. It mediates its activity through binding of TNF-receptor (TNFR) 1 or 2. TNFR1 is mainly responsible for transmitting apoptotic signals. The activation of apoptotic mechanisms can either be intrinsic (mitochondrial) or extrinsic (death receptors). Death ligands such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) specifically induce extrinsic apoptosis, while cytostatic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) induce intrinsic apoptosis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of TNFα on apoptosis in malignant and normal human keratinocytes. METHODS: Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC-13 and immortalized human keratinocytes HaCaT as well as primary normal human keratinocytes (PNHK) were stimulated with TNFα and then treated either with TRAIL or 5FU. Cell viability and cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were determined by WST-1 proliferation assay, ELISA, flow cytometry, and colorimetric analysis of lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. In addition, Western blotting was performed for analysis of caspase-3. RESULTS: TNFα affected viability of SCC-13 and HaCaT cells in combination with 5FU or TRAIL. In contrast, TNFα did not influence cell viability of PNHK. It enhanced the apoptotic effects of both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli in SCC-13 and HaCaT. In clear contrast, TNFα protected PNHK against TRAIL- and 5FU-induced apoptosis. The effects were dose-dependent and TNFα-specific; furthermore, the apoptosis pathway was caspase-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, opposing effects of TNFα in malignant versus normal human keratinocytes were observed with possibly relevant clinical implications, when patients are treated with TNFα inhibitors.
INTRODUCTION:Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may paradoxically induce either apoptosis or cell survival. It mediates its activity through binding of TNF-receptor (TNFR) 1 or 2. TNFR1 is mainly responsible for transmitting apoptotic signals. The activation of apoptotic mechanisms can either be intrinsic (mitochondrial) or extrinsic (death receptors). Death ligands such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) specifically induce extrinsic apoptosis, while cytostatic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) induce intrinsic apoptosis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of TNFα on apoptosis in malignant and normal human keratinocytes. METHODS:Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC-13 and immortalized human keratinocytes HaCaT as well as primary normal human keratinocytes (PNHK) were stimulated with TNFα and then treated either with TRAIL or 5FU. Cell viability and cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were determined by WST-1 proliferation assay, ELISA, flow cytometry, and colorimetric analysis of lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. In addition, Western blotting was performed for analysis of caspase-3. RESULTS: TNFα affected viability of SCC-13 and HaCaT cells in combination with 5FU or TRAIL. In contrast, TNFα did not influence cell viability of PNHK. It enhanced the apoptotic effects of both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli in SCC-13 and HaCaT. In clear contrast, TNFα protected PNHK against TRAIL- and 5FU-induced apoptosis. The effects were dose-dependent and TNFα-specific; furthermore, the apoptosis pathway was caspase-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, opposing effects of TNFα in malignant versus normal human keratinocytes were observed with possibly relevant clinical implications, when patients are treated with TNFα inhibitors.
Authors: Olga V Zhukova; Evgenia V Arkhipova; Tatiana F Kovaleva; Daria A Zykova; Natalya A Dubovskaya Journal: Molecules Date: 2022-07-18 Impact factor: 4.927