Feng Zhou1, Rong-Rong Wang2, Han-Ping Huang3, Chun-Ling Du4, Chao-Min Wu5, Xue-Mei Qian6, Wei-Li Li7, Ju-Li Wang5, Lv-Yan Jiang8, Hui-Jia Jiang9, Wen-Jie Yu10, Ke-Bin Cheng11. 1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Respiratory Disease, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China. 2. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 3. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China. 4. Department of Respiratory Disease, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 5. Department of Respiratory Disease, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China. 6. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 7. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhujiajiao, Shanghai, China. 8. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Pediatrics, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China. 9. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthopedics, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China. 10. Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sijing Hospital of Songjiang, Shanghai, China. 11. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. chengkebin2017@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. A small proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 go on to develop pneumonia. We speculated that COVID-19 may be likely to result in psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we conducted an investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19. METHODS:Sixty-fiveCOVID-19 patients were randomly enrolled into this study. Anxiety and depression among participants were measured through the completion of anonymous Chinese-language Zung self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and χ2 tests. RESULTS: The questionnaire results showed that 26.15% and 41.54% of participants suffered from anxiety and depression, respectively, although there was no significantly statistical difference between the proportions of COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression. Statistically significant differences in employment status, partial pressure of oxygen, and corticosteroid application existed between moderate- and severe COVID-19 patients (P<0.05). In particular, the partial pressure of oxygen was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients than in their moderate counter parts (71.31±23.54 vs. 101.06±34.43, U=156, P=0.006). Total lymphocytes was lower in severe group than in moderate group [1.659±0.643 vs. 0.745 (0.645, 0.928), U=109, P=0.000]. Also, a higher proportion of female than male patients had anxiety (χ2=5.388, P=0.02). COVID-19 patients who received antiviral medications also displayed a higher rate of anxiety (χ2=4.481, P=0.034). Total lymphocytes between the non-anxiety and anxiety had statistical difference (U=321, P=0.019). Meanwhile, total lymphocytes between the non-depression and depression also had statistical difference (U=389.5, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with COVID-19, females and those treated with antiviral medications were more likely to experience anxiety. In addition, our findings reflected the effect of anxiety and depression on immune system.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. A small proportion of patientsinfected with COVID-19 go on to develop pneumonia. We speculated that COVID-19 may be likely to result in psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we conducted an investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Sixty-five COVID-19patients were randomly enrolled into this study. Anxiety and depression among participants were measured through the completion of anonymous Chinese-language Zung self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and χ2 tests. RESULTS: The questionnaire results showed that 26.15% and 41.54% of participants suffered from anxiety and depression, respectively, although there was no significantly statistical difference between the proportions of COVID-19patients with anxiety and depression. Statistically significant differences in employment status, partial pressure of oxygen, and corticosteroid application existed between moderate- and severe COVID-19patients (P<0.05). In particular, the partial pressure of oxygen was significantly lower in severe COVID-19patients than in their moderate counter parts (71.31±23.54 vs. 101.06±34.43, U=156, P=0.006). Total lymphocytes was lower in severe group than in moderate group [1.659±0.643 vs. 0.745 (0.645, 0.928), U=109, P=0.000]. Also, a higher proportion of female than male patients had anxiety (χ2=5.388, P=0.02). COVID-19patients who received antiviral medications also displayed a higher rate of anxiety (χ2=4.481, P=0.034). Total lymphocytes between the non-anxiety and anxiety had statistical difference (U=321, P=0.019). Meanwhile, total lymphocytes between the non-depression and depression also had statistical difference (U=389.5, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with COVID-19, females and those treated with antiviral medications were more likely to experience anxiety. In addition, our findings reflected the effect of anxiety and depression on immune system.