Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Cancer-Induced or Chemotherapy-Induced?

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an atypical type of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, and thrombi in small blood vessels, leading to end-organ damage. aHUS causes an over-activation of the complement pathway. There are many etiologies of aHUS, including inherited and acquired. This condition has a high mortality rate, as it is often detected late in the disease course. Eculizumab, an inhibitor of the terminal complement pathway, needs to be prescribed as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed. There is limited evidence, however, regarding the duration of treatment. Therefore, it is vital to conduct further analysis on other alternatives and pharmacokinetics with this type of complement inhibitor.