Manee Pinyopornpanish1, Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish2, Atiwat Soontornpun3, Surat Tanprawate3, Angkana Nadsasarn4, Nahathai Wongpakaran1, Tinakon Wongpakaran5. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphoom, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 2. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 3. Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 4. Northern Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 5. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphoom, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. tinakon.w@cmu.ac.th.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Caregiver burden affects the caregiver's health and is related to the quality of care received by patients. This study aimed to determine the extent to which caregivers feel burdened when caring for patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and to investigate the predictors for caregiving burden. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred two caregivers of patients with AD at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, were recruited. Assessment tools included the perceived stress scale (stress), PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms), Zarit Burden Interview-12 (burden), Clinical Dementia Rating (disease severity), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaires (neuropsychiatric symptoms), and Barthel Activities Daily Living Index (dependency). The mediation analysis model was used to determine any associations. RESULTS: A higher level of severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), higher level of perceived stress (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), and higher level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) were related to a higher level of caregiver burden. The direct effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms on caregiver burden was fully mediated by perceived stress and depressive symptoms (r = 0.13, p = 0.177), rendering an increase of 46% of variance in caregiver burden by this parallel mediation model. The significant indirect effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms by these two mediators was (r = 0.21, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden is associated with patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms indirectly through the caregiver's depressive symptoms and perception of stress. Early detection and provision of appropriate interventions and skills to manage stress and depression could be useful in reducing and preventing caregiver burden.
BACKGROUND: Caregiver burden affects the caregiver's health and is related to the quality of care received by patients. This study aimed to determine the extent to which caregivers feel burdened when caring for patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and to investigate the predictors for caregiving burden. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred two caregivers of patients with AD at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, were recruited. Assessment tools included the perceived stress scale (stress), PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms), Zarit Burden Interview-12 (burden), Clinical Dementia Rating (disease severity), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaires (neuropsychiatric symptoms), and Barthel Activities Daily Living Index (dependency). The mediation analysis model was used to determine any associations. RESULTS: A higher level of severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), higher level of perceived stress (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), and higher level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) were related to a higher level of caregiver burden. The direct effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms on caregiver burden was fully mediated by perceived stress and depressive symptoms (r = 0.13, p = 0.177), rendering an increase of 46% of variance in caregiver burden by this parallel mediation model. The significant indirect effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms by these two mediators was (r = 0.21, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden is associated with patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms indirectly through the caregiver's depressive symptoms and perception of stress. Early detection and provision of appropriate interventions and skills to manage stress and depression could be useful in reducing and preventing caregiver burden.
Authors: Warren W Barker; Cheryl A Luis; Alice Kashuba; Mercy Luis; Dylan G Harwood; David Loewenstein; Carol Waters; Pat Jimison; Eugene Shepherd; Steven Sevush; Neil Graff-Radford; Douglas Newland; Murray Todd; Bayard Miller; Michael Gold; Kenneth Heilman; Leilani Doty; Ira Goodman; Bruce Robinson; Gary Pearl; Dennis Dickson; Ranjan Duara Journal: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Date: 2002 Oct-Dec Impact factor: 2.703
Authors: Ai Koyanagi; Jordan E DeVylder; Brendon Stubbs; André F Carvalho; Nicola Veronese; Josep M Haro; Ziggi I Santini Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2017-10-05 Impact factor: 4.791