Synthesis of γ-Lactams by Formal Cycloadditions with Ketenes.

The synthesis of γ-lactams is reported by a formal (3+2) cycloaddition between readily available ketenes and aziridines or a one-pot formal (2+1+2) cycloaddition using imines as aziridine precursors. The method is practical, is scalable, and affords high yields. It also offers a high level of regio- and diastereoselectivity on a wide range of substrates as well as a high stereoselectivity in the case of enantiopure aziridines.