Hemobilia. A disease in evolution.

Ten patients with hemobilia were treated over a six-year period. Six cases resulted from iatrogenic injury (percutaneous invasive procedures, four; surgical trauma, two); the others were caused by gallstone disease (two), liver trauma (one), and vasculitis (one). Five patients were treated successfully by selective arterial embolization. In the other five patients, embolization was not possible due to previous surgical and/or radiologic procedures, or it was contraindicated, and thus, surgical treatment was undertaken. One of these patients died. There were no long-term sequelae in the remaining nine patients followed up for 12 to 66 months. Selective hepatic arterial embolization is the treatment of choice for hemobilia. Inappropriate embolization or surgery frequently fails to control the bleeding and may also prevent later successful embolization.